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U1 Psych > Trait Theory > Flashcards

Trait Theory Flashcards

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1
Q

What are temperaments, traits and types?

A

Approaches that describe personality in terms of stable patterns

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2
Q

What perspective does trait theory fall into?

A

Biological

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3
Q

What is the historical background of the trait theory?

A

Hippocrates and his Humors

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4
Q

What are humors?

A

4 bodily fluids that according to ancient theory, control personality by their abundance

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5
Q

What are the 4 bodily fluids that make up humor?

A

blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile

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6
Q

What does blood mean in humors?

A

to be caring

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7
Q

What does phlegm mean in humors?

A

To be aloof

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8
Q

What does black bile mean in humors?

A

Depressed

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9
Q

What does yellow bile mean in humors?

A

Anger

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10
Q

What is temperament?

A

Basic, pervasive personality dispositions that are apparent in early childhood and establish the tempo and mood of an individual’s behavior

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11
Q

What creates/makes up temperment?

A

Your unique combination of neurotransmitters

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12
Q

Is temperament inherited or created?

A

Inherited

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13
Q

What perspective does Gordon Allport have?

A

Trait perspective

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14
Q

What are traits?

A

Stable personality characteristics that are presumed to exist within the individual and guide his/her thoughts and actions under various conditions

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15
Q

What are the 3 types of traits?

A

Central, secondary, and cardinal

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16
Q

What do central traits form?

A

Form the basis of personality
Ex) Outgoing or shy

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17
Q

What do secondary traits include?

A

Preferences and attitudes
Ex) political ideology, food, religion, preferred season

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18
Q

What do cardinal traits do?

A

They define people’s lives
Ex) greed or altruism

19
Q

Who made the Big Five Theory (BFT)?

A

Paul Costa and Robert McCrae

20
Q

What are the components of the Big Five theory (BFT)?

A

Openness, Conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism
**OCEAN

21
Q

What does openness mean in the BFT

A

To experience new things & be adventurous & travel

22
Q

What does Conscientiousness mean in the BFT

A

To be dependable & reliable & prepared & organized

23
Q

What does extraversion mean in the BFT

A

To be outgoing and sociable

24
Q

What does agreeableness mean in the BFT

A

To always say yes & be friendly/warm AKA go w/ the flow

25
Q

What does neuroticism mean in the BFT

A

To be anxious, nervous

26
Q

How was the Big Five Theory put together?

A

By using the Factor Analysis

27
Q

What is Factor Analysis?

A

A statistical procedure used to identify clusters of test items that tap basic components of a trait

Ex) If you’re outgoing & like practical jokes while disliking quiet, there’s a statistically correlated cluster of behaviors that reflect a basic factor or trait known as extraversion

28
Q

What is TYPE?

A

Especially important dimensions or clusters of traits that aren’t only central to a person’s personality, but are also found with essentially the same pattern in many people

29
Q

How are traits assessed?

A

Using personality inventories

30
Q

What are personality inventories?

A

Tests or assessments used to measure a person’s score on certain traits

31
Q

What are the 5 personality inventories?

A

Rorschach
TAT
MBTI
NEO-PI
MMPI-2

32
Q

Which personality inventories are reliable and valid?

A

MMPI-2 & NEO-PI

33
Q

Which personality inventories have low reliability and validity?

A

Rorschach
TAT
MBTI

34
Q

What is MMPI-2 test stand for?

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

35
Q

What does the NEO-PI measure?

A

the Big Five Inventory

36
Q

What does the MMPI-2 meaure?

A

10 different types of mental disorders

37
Q

Why is the MMPI-2 super reliable?

A

Because it has a built in lie scale

38
Q

What two things must ALL psychological tests be?

A

Reliable and valid

39
Q

What does reliability mean?

A

The test yields consistent results

40
Q

What does validity mean?

A

The test measures what it clams to measure

41
Q

What is the person-situtation controversy?

A

A theoretical dispute concerning the relative contribution of personality factors and situational factors in controlling behavior
AKA: Situation is more important than the trait

42
Q

Who created the person-situation controversy?

A

MISCHEL

43
Q

What perspective does MISCHEL have?

A

Behavioral

U1 Psych (10 decks)

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