Training Load Management for Injury Risk Flashcards
state what it is meant by the key term - ‘training load’
can be described as a higher-order construct reflecting the amount of PA that is actually done and experienced by the athletes and not what was planned, which is training prescription
what is the ‘Theoretical Basis for Movement’ stated by (Banister et al., 1975)
the basis of training monitoring us based on the ‘dose-response relationship’ - the response of an athlete to one ‘dose’ of training
(Banister et al., 1975)
what is the ‘theoretical basis for monitoring’ stated by (Soligard et al., 2016)
- we want to look at the green line
- we want to avoid the red line - if you load an athlete before they fully recover, then you could overtrain the athlete, and their capacity to perform will decrease
what is the overall ‘theoretical basis for monitoring’ by (Winds & Gabbett., 2016)
- monitoring is essential to see adaptation, illness, injury, etc…
- modifiable factors change due to fitness and fatigue factors
- take point: the likelihood of injury changes day-to-day which is why coaches do daily training monitoring
what 3 fats are highlighted in the ‘Theoretical Framework of the Training Process’ (Jeffries et al., 2021)
- functional overreaching
- non-functional overreaching
- overtraining
state what it is meant by the key term - functional overreaching (Jeffries et al., 2021)
short term; after rest and recovery, the athlete is then at a higher performance level
state what it is meant by the key term - no-functional overreaching (Jeffries et al., 2021)
where the athlete doesn’t get a performance re-bound after a huge training load - the training stimulus was too great
state what it is meant by the key term - overtraining (Jeffries et al., 2021)
weeks/months/years of a performance deficit due to a workload being applied which is greater than the athlete’s capacity to deal with that load
state what it is meant by the key term - ‘external load measures’
the work completed by the athlete; measured independently of their internal characteristics
state 4 external work load measures
- frequency/time
- power, speed, acceleration
- Global Positioning System (GPS)
- micro-sensor technology (e.g. - accelerometers)
state what it is meant by the key term - ‘internal load measures’
the relative psychophysiological stress elicited by an external workload
state an issue with GPS monitoring
the reliability is influenced by factors such as sample rate, velocity and duration, and type of task. increased velocity = reduced reliability
state 4 internal work load measures
- session RPE
- blood lactate
- biochemical/hormonal/immunological assessments
- HR measures (more weight given to higher HR zones)
what is the formula for sRPE/tRIMP (session RPE)
sRPE load = Duration x sRPE
e.g. - 45 mins x RPE 7 = 315 AU
what is recommended when measuring RPE?
recommended you wait 30 minutes (10 mins at least) post session before you fill it out
state 4 benefits of using RPE
1) can be used for different training styles
2) is valid (HR r = 0.89 and lactate 0.96) and reliable (ICC = 0.99, TE = 4%) - Gabbett., 2007
3) easy and cheap to collect
4) captures both physiological and psychological stress
state 3 issues with the use of RPE
1) compliance/collection issues (e.g. - less likely to be honest if your mates say different scores)
2) doesn’t measure diff components of training stress (e.g. - breathlessness, leg muscle exhaustion, etc…)
3) intensity and duration are merged (10 mins at RPE 10 does not equal 100 mins at RPE 2)
what tools do practitioners use?
- shift to examining external rather than internal load
- caution should be taken (internal adaptation ultimately determines external capacity)
- advantage of external load measuring is that is can allow for better prescription of external load
what did Carl Foster come up with ?
he came up with a ‘Load Injury Relationship’ graph which looked at the loads which athletes performed when/just before they got injured
explain Carl Foster’s graph (2 points)
- he drew a threshold line where, if you went above it, your likelihood of injury increased drastically
- did not predict injury every time, people were still getting injured far below the threshold
what was Tim Gabbet’s graph on injuries in different parts of the season ? (2 points)
- he saw that different phases in the season changed the likelihood of getting injured
- this changed due to the cumulative effect of performing every single week in rugby
what was Tim Gabbett’s graph on loads and injury (3 points)
- saw injury can be due to changes in loads
- saw low load increases have lower chances of injury (10% rule)
- as you increase the change in load, the risk of getting injured increases
explain the difference between ‘acute’ and ‘chronic’ work loads
acute: recent loads (e.g. - one week), analogous to state of ‘fatigue’
chronic: average loads over last 3-6 weeks, analogous to state of ‘fitness’ - 4 weeks used in most literature
how do you work out the ACWR?
- acute = most recent week load AU)
- chronic = average over last 4 weeks (AU)
- acute / chronic = ACWR
e. g. - 200 AU / 125 AU = 1.6 ACWR