Overuse Injuries (Week 7)

Question 1

what is ‘Medial Tibialis Stress Syndrome’ (MTSS)?

Answer 1

• diffuse pain along the posterior-medial border of the tibia
• decrease in pain through a warm-up
• pain worse the next day

Question 2

what is the mechanism of MTSS?

Answer 2

pain caused by traction and stress reaction of: tibialis posterior, soleus, and medial tibia

Question 3

state 3 risk factors of MTSS

Answer 3

1) increase/changes in training load
2) technique that increases the load region: high impact loading; over-pronation
3) low bone mineral density

Question 4

what can be done to prevent MTSS?

Answer 4

gait re-training (sheet)

Question 5

what is ‘Patella Femoral Pain Syndrome’ (PFSS)?

3 points

Answer 5

• commonly known as ‘runners knee’
• anterior knee pain
• worse in high flexion and load activities such as stair climbing

Question 6

state 2 risk factors of PFSS

Answer 6

• results from repetitive high loading on the knee due to sub-optimal load distribution
• pain can be from a range of sources: inflammation of synovial joint and eventually erosion
• running technique that results in mal tracking

Question 7

what can PFSS lead to?

Answer 7

femoral osteoarthritis

Question 8

explain how poor running technique causes PFSS

Answer 8

1) high impact loading
2) over-pronation
3) poor muscular control of hip
4) weakness of vastus-medialis?

Question 9

many risk factors of PFSS can be assessed by what method?

Answer 9

single leg squat

Question 10

how can PFPS be prevented?

Answer 10

gait re-training

should be accompanied by muscle strengthening

must be introduced gradually

Question 11

what is Tendinopathy? (4 points)

Answer 11

1) chronic, repetitive strain injury
2) tendon loading to high strains in order to accomplish its function
3) high strains are close to failure limit of collagen fascicles
4) loading cycle repeated thousands of times in an exercise bout

Question 12

what is tendinopathy fundamentally related to? (2 points)

Answer 12

• mechanical overload

- anatomical, biochemical, and molecular changes associated with tendinopathy occur due to an attempt to re-model

Question 13

what is the mechanism of Achilles Tendinopathy? (3 points)

Answer 13

1) high force and strain required for efficient locomotion
2) achilles loaded close to safety margins in exercise activities
3) specific region of tendon loaded to highest strains

Question 14

state 4 risk factors of achilles tendinopathy

Answer 14

1) genetic factors
2) previous injury
3) poor ankle flexibility
4) high stress placed on tissue due to sub-optimal technique
5) inappropriate tendon stiffness

Question 15

explain how running technique can lead to achilles tendinopathy (2 points)

Answer 15

1) running - excessive pronation associated with Achilles tendinopathy
2) transition to mid-foot running style with inadequate calf muscle strength

Question 16

how do you adapt a tendon ? (tendinopathy prevention)

Answer 16

repetitive loading above what is ‘normal’ initiates collagen and extra-cellular matrix synthesis and degradation

Question 17

resistance training has been shown to increase tendon stiffness (Kubo et al., 2002). state 3 facts about this statement

Answer 17

1) thought to be due to up-regulation of collagen type 1 fascicles
2) heavy slow resistance training with sufficient rest initiates the greatest stiffness adaptation
3) stiffer tendons can resist more force and will experience less damage

Question 18

state 5 risk factors of patella tendinopathy

Answer 18

1) sports that involve high frequency of jumping
2) downhill running
3) dysfunction in the kinetic chain
4) calf muscle weakness
5) lack of load in the patella tendon

Question 19

all risks of patella tendinopathy are modifiable. state 4 ways how they are

Answer 19

1) alterations in training
2) addressing limb control in jump technique
3) hip and ankle muscle strengthening
4) flexibility

Question 20

define /plantar fasciitis/planter fasciopathy’

Answer 20

overuse injury of the planter fascia at, or near, its attachment in the calcaneus

Question 21

what sports are planter fasciitis common in?

Answer 21

1) runners

2) those who occupation requires a lot of standing as well as the individual having a high BMI

Question 22

pain can range from a range of sources when one suffers from planter fasciitis. state 3 sources

Answer 22

1) degeneration of collagen fibres
2) inflammation
3) altered blood supply

Question 23

state 5 risk factors for planter fasciitis

Answer 23

1) high BMI (not the case in runners)
2) high training load
3) cavus foot type
4) low ankle flexibility
5) poor planter flexion and tibialis posterior strength

Question 24

state 3 preventative techniques for planter fasciitis

Answer 24

1) cushioning insoles
2) increasing ankle and foot flexibility should distribute the load to other structures
3) strengthening the planter-flexors and tibialis posterior should have a similar effect