Training and Development (ch. 7)

Question 1

Training

Answer 1

systematic acquisition of skills, concepts, or attitudes that result in improved performance

Question 2

Learning

Answer 2

relatively permanent change in behavior and human capabilities produced by experience and practice

Question 3

Cognitive Outcome

Answer 3

Type of learning outcome that includes declarative knowledge (facts, rules, etc).

Question 4

Skill-based Outcome

Answer 4

type of learning outcome that concerns development of motor/technical skills

Question 5

Affective Outcome

Answer 5

type of learning outcome that includes attitudes/beliefs that predispose a person to behave a certain way

Question 6

Training Needs Analysis

Answer 6

three-step process of organizational, task, and person analysis required to develop systematic understanding of where training is needed and what needs to be taught or who

Question 7

Organizational analysis

Answer 7

component of training needs analysis that examines organizational goals, resources, and environment and helps determine where training should be directed

Question 8

Task analysis (employee level)

Answer 8

component of training needs analysis that examines what employees must do to perform properly

Question 9

Competencies

Answer 9

set of behaviors, generally learned via experience, that are needed to accomplished desired organizational outcomes

Question 10

Person analysis

Answer 10

component of training needs analysis that identifies which individuals need training and what kind

Question 11

Trainee Readiness

Answer 11

whether employee has personal characteristics needed to acquire knowledge from training program i.e. general mental ability, goal orientation, experience

Question 12

Performance oritentation

Answer 12

orientation in which individuals are concerned about doing well

Question 13

Mastery orientation

Answer 13

individuals concerned with increasing competence

Question 14

Positive reinforcement

Answer 14

occurs when desired behavior is followed by a reward

Question 15

Negative reinforcement

Answer 15

a response or behavior is strengthened by stopping, removing, or avoiding a negative outcome or aversive stimulus

Question 16

Social Learning Theory

Answer 16

cognitive theory that proposes there are many ways to learn including observational

Question 17

Behavior modeling

Answer 17

approach consists of observing actual job incumbents who demonstrate positive behavior, rehearsing behavior,, receiving feedback, and trying out the behavior

Question 18

Whole Learning

Answer 18

training approach in which the entire task if practice at once; more effective when complex task has low organization

Question 19

Part learning

Answer 19

training approach in which subtasks are practiced separately and later combined; more effective for complex skill with low organization i.e. pilot trainee

Question 20

Massed practice

Answer 20

conditions in which individuals practice a task continuously and without rest;

Question 21

Distributed practice

Answer 21

condition that provides individuals with rest between practice sessions; generally more efficient because information is retained better due to rest

Question 22

Learning organizations

Answer 22

emphasize continues learning, knowledge sharing, and personal mastery; problem solving; developing enhancing systems; encouraging flexibility

Question 23

Self Efficacy

Answer 23

belief in one’s capability to perform a task or goal; those in in self-efficacy are more likely to attempt difficult tasks