Motivation (ch. 8) Flashcards
Instincts
inborn tendency that is thought to direct behavior
Drives
non human equivalent of motives and needs
Needs
internal motivation that is thought to be inborn and universally present in humans
Behaviorist Approach (B.F. Skinner)
places emphasis for behavior directly on environment rather than needs or instincts
Proposes behavior depends on stimulus, response, and reinforcement
Metaphor for motivation: Person as Machine
mplies behavior/action are involuntary and without conscious awareness
pushed by internal needs and pulled by environmental stimuli; automatic response; response to need/drive response to external stimuli and reinforcement
Metaphor for motivation: Person as Scientist
suggests people are active information seekers who want knowledge and understanding as a way to master environment
voluntary response; analyzing internal/external information
Motivation and Performance
Performance = (motivationxability) - situational constraints
Motivation & Locus of Control
extent to which an individual views events as resulting from their own actions or outside causes (internal or external); internal LOC are more motivated
Maslow’s Need Theory
all humans have basic needs and these needs express over life span as internal pushes or drives ;physiological, security, love or social, esteem, self actualization
Herzberg’s Dual Factor
proposes there are two basic needs that are independent of each other (Hygiene; Motivator)
Hygiene Need
meeting this would eliminate dissatisfaction but not result in motivated state
Motivator Needs
meeting needs will result in effort and satisfaction
Job enrichment
adds planning and control to a job; pushes some of the typical manager tasks to employee level
Job Characteristics Theory
depend on task/skill variety; task identity; task significance; autonomy;feedback
Reinforcement Theory
stimulus, response, reward;
