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Sociology Beliefs > Traditional Typology > Flashcards

Traditional Typology Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 4 types?

A

Churches
Denominations
sects
Cults

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2
Q

Why is it important to categories religion?

A

IOT operationalise them.

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3
Q

Who identified churches?

A

Weber

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4
Q

Who described the difference between sects + churches?

A

Troeltsch (1931)

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5
Q

Who identified cults?

A

Troeltsch (1931)

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6
Q

When did Troeltsch write?

A

1931

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7
Q

What did Troeltsch write about?

A

He described the difference between sects + churches which led to the identification of cults.

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8
Q

When did Niebuhr write?

A

1925

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9
Q

What did Niebuhr (1925) introduce?

A

Denominations

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10
Q

What are some examples of churches?

A

Roman Catholic, C of E

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11
Q

What are some examples of sects?

A

Heaven’s Gate, People’s Temple

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12
Q

What are some examples of denominations?

A

Methodism, Neo-pentecostalism

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13
Q

What are some examples of cults?

A

Scientology, Transcendental Meditation

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14
Q

What is the largest religious organisation in the UK?

A

Churches - most of them affiliated to Christianity

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15
Q

How is a cult in sociology different from the media representation?

A

It’s not as extreme as it is portrayed in the media - the sociology version of a cult is a sect.

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16
Q

What is the structure of churches?

A

Hierarchal structure, bureaucratic, paid officials - often powerful and deathly individuals.

17
Q

What is the churches attitude towards other religions?

A

Tend to be intolerant, claim the monopoly of truth.

18
Q

What is the membership like in churches?

A

Inclusive, millions of members - generally the mc and older.

19
Q

What level of commitment do churches demand?

A

Low level, very few demands but are universalistic and aim to include society as a whole.

20
Q

What do sects tend to be?

A

Short lived

21
Q

What is the structure of sects?

A

Often no hierarchy of paid officials or bureaucracy but.a more egalitarian structure.
Members have a tight knit community
Small, exclusive groups
Led by 1 charismatic leader

22
Q

Sects attitudes to other religions…

A

Hostile, claim the monopoly of truth - only members are the ‘saved chosen ones’.

23
Q

Sects attitudes to wider society…

A

HOSTILE!

24
Q

Memberships of sects…

A

Members tend to be those who have been marginalised by society.

25
Q

What level of commitment do sects demand?

A

High level of commitment - sometime require their members to give up their whole lives + families so they can focus all of their attention on the sect.

26
Q

What is the structure of denominations?

A

They lie midway between a sect and a cult

27
Q

Denominations attitudes to other religions?

A

Tolerant of other religions and they no longer claim the monopoly of truth.

28
Q

Denominations attitudes to wider society?

A

World accommodating - like churches, but they are not linked to the state.
Integrates with the world - accepts secular culture.

29
Q

Membership of denominations…

A

Tend to attract wc

Membership is self selecting (like churches)

30
Q

What level of commitment to denominations demand?

A

Integrates with the world - accepts secular culture

Imposes minor restrictions on its members e.g. forbidding alcohol.

31
Q

What is the structure of a cult like?

A

Least organised
Highly individualistic, loose knit groups based on shared themes/ interests
Usually led by ‘therapist’ who claims to have special knowledge.

32
Q

What is the least organised type?

A

Cults

33
Q

Cults attitudes to other religions…

A

Tolerant of other religions

34
Q

Cults attitudes to wider society…

A

World affirming

35
Q

Membership of cults…

A

Members tend to have an above average income (mc w)
Referred to as clients/ customers
Often few like they are missing something in their lives.

36
Q

Level of commitment demanded by cults?

A

Don’t demand a strong level of commitment - members are more like customers.

37
Q

Advantages of traditional typologies…

A
  • ID key characteristics os religious organisations, showing similarities and differences
  • Makes some attempt to locate religious organisations in their historical contexts, explain how they have changed over time.
38
Q

Disadvantages of traditional typologies…

A
  • Based on subjective classification, ignores how members see themselves
  • Difficult to categorise, may have more than 1 ideal type
  • Danger of oversimplification
    Categries = ethnocentric? Do non-christianorganisations fit neatly into these categories?

Sociology Beliefs (24 decks)

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