Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sociology Beliefs > Key Thinkers > Flashcards

Key Thinkers Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Durkheim (1895)

A 
FUNCTIONALIST
÷ between sacred vs profane
Promotes v consensus, social solidarity, collective conscience
Totemism - Australian Aborigines
Symbolically worship S
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Malinowski

A 
FUNCTIONALIST
Ethnography
= response to psychological needs of S
Times of uncertainty
Coping mechanism
Gives members sense of control
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Parsons (1950s)

A

FUNCTIONALIST
Uses D’s + M’s ideas
Gives individuals sense of meaning
Mechanism of adjustment after social tragedies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bellah (1967)

A

NEO-FUNCTIONALIST
How = v consensus in USA (multi-faith)?
Civil religion
Collective rituals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Marx (1884)

A 
1ST CRITICAL VIEW OF REL
Maintains class ÷
2 ideological functions
Instrument of oppression
Cushion effects of oppression
THEODICY OF DISPRIVILEGE
Opium of the people
Prevents revolution
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lenin

A

USE AFTER MARX
Spiritual gin
= way to escape + numb effects of capitalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Gramsci

A

NEO-MARXIST
Beliefs = no less important that economic forces
Hegemony - rc dominate minds of proletariat
Rel = used for maintaining control
CAN be used to challenge dominant rc ideology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Maduro

A

NEO-MARXIST
Builds on Gramsci (puts ides into practice)
Developing countries where church = dominant, religion has power to create social change
e.g. Latin America

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Althusser

A

NEO-MARXIST
ISAs
RSAs (repressive)
CAN create social change but needs to get past RSAa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Woodhead

A

Lack of W in hierarchy if church reflects religions general rejection of liberation of W

Some religions provide W with role + status in family
Give purpose + role in life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Walby

A

W’s denial of power = reflected in religious teachings
Encourages housewife role
e.g. Virgin Mary = role model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Woodhead + Heelas

A

Many W converted to Orthodox Judaism

  • given clear role to fulfil
  • removed conflicting roles placed in modern life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Aldridge

A

Islam = patriarchal
Veiling - powerful symbol
Strips W of ID
Leaves W invisible + forces anonymity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Watson

A

Aldridge = ethnocentric
Veil = symbol of liberation
Enter pubic sphere + avoid male gaze

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hervieu-Leger

A 
POSTMODERNISM
Rel participation = changed
Decline in traditional institutions
Rel = personal choice
'Spiritual shoppers', consumers of choice
Pick and Mix to fit ID
No longer source of collective ID
BUT does continue to have influence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lyon

A

POSTMODERNISM
Agrees with Hervieu-Leger
Rel = commodity, consumers of rel
Globalisation = increased choice (res can cross national boundaries)
Relocation of rel - disembodied from ‘real life’
Can be experienced via internet/ media
Rel Harvest Day Crusade (Disneyland)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bauman

A

POSTMODERNISM
Individuals are still drawn to rel
Postmodernity = led to ‘crisis of meaning’
No longer stable sense of morality/ universal truths
Fragmentation = decline in collective values
People turn to religion for moral guidelines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Weber

Founding father

A

INTERPRETIVIST
1st suggest studying S in MICRO way
Verstehen, should empathise
Individs attach meaning to beliefs/ practices
Calvinism, 3 beliefs - led to development C
Calvinist rel, gave individual framework to attach their meanings to actions

ID churches in traditional typologies

19
Q

Berger

A

INTERPRETIVIST
Rel helps individuals find meaning in meaningless world
‘Universe of meaning’ - answers life Qs
‘Sacred canopy’ - stretches over S + protects individuals from uncertainties
Without re, life = meaningless for many

20
Q

Nelson

A

Rel can spearhead resistance + revolution

e.g. Archbishop Tutu’s (apartheid)

21
Q

McGuire

A 
Can lead to social change
BUT only in right conditions
Recognises not all religions/ Ss = same
4 key factors
1. Beliefs + practices
2. Culture
3. Organisations Rship to S
4. Presence of centralised authority
22
Q

Wilson

social change + sects

A

Modern day S = subjected rapid social change
Leds to uncertainty + anomie due lack of shared values
As result people turn to rel organisations (e.g. sects, have strict rules)

23
Q

Troeltsch (1931)

A

Describes difference between sects + churches - different organisations
Led to identification of cults
(traditional typology)

24
Q

Niebuhr (1925)

A

Introduced denominations
Inbetween churches + sects
(traditional typology)

Sects = short lived (3 - members, generation, death/ denomination)

25
Q

Yinger

A

Some sects survive - become established
Isolated from mainstream S
e.g. Amish in Pennsylvania

26
Q

Ashworth + Farthing (2007)

A

Those in professional occupations/ management roles = more likely to attend church

27
Q

Bruce + Heelas

A

Cults + NAMs appeal to those who = fulfilled in other areas of their life

i. e. those who = successful + wealthy but lacking something spiritually
- fills void

28
Q

Voas + Crockett

A
  1. Ageing effect - people = more religious when closer to death, comfort
  2. Generational effect - older people = socialised at time when rel = popular + prominent (most sig factor)
    Secularisation, no longer case
    3 reasons why young people = less rel
29
Q

Davie

A

‘Belief without belonging’

30
Q

Miller + Hoffman

A

W = seen as ‘guardians of family life’
Attending church = seen as part of W’s role
- installing religious values in children

31
Q

Trzebiatowska + Bruce (2012)

A

M = influenced by growing secularisation of S before W

Leads to congregations = dominated by W

32
Q

Bruce

gender

A

Males + females = socialised differently

Females encouraged to be more nurturing + emotional + be more involved with issues of MORALITY (embedded in religion)

33
Q

Bruce

ethnicity

A

Rel acts as source of support, provides sense of ID as response to uncertainty + potential racism/ hostility faced when joining new S
Way to maintain traditional values

34
Q

Johal

A

Young British Asians
Hybrid IDs - ‘Brasian’
Combination of British/ Asian values
e.g. values religious beliefs of parents BUT reject cultural traditions (arranged marriages)

35
Q

Comte

A

Religion = eventually disappear, science = dominant

36
Q

Wilson

secularisation

A

Decline in church attendance in UK (2010 = 6%, now 2%)
Average of church attender = 51
Organisation = seen declines in power/ wealth/ influence (especially in Ed)

Scientific discoveries explains lots of events (natural disasters) religious explanations seem less credible
Turn more to science for answers

37
Q

Bruce

secularisation

A

Church + state = more separate

Lots of religion to choose from - reinforces that beliefs = personal preference
Leads to competition, undermines credibility

UK - some ideas = altered down/ abandoned e.g heaven vs hell, virgin birth

38
Q

Parsons

secularisation

A

Structural differentiation

Rel = increasingly specialised + performs fear functions

39
Q

Martin

A

Church today has more influence in spiritual matters

Doesn’t necessarily indicate decline in rel

40
Q

Weber

secularisation

A

Process of ‘dymstification’ in which would be ‘disentachment of the world’
World = becoming increasingly dominated with rational ideas, not magic/ supernatural

41
Q

Herberg

A

USA - decline in authentic religion
Become part of their ‘way of life’
Church attendance = way of expressing American ID rather than religious beliefs

42
Q

Glock + Starck

A 
5 core dimensions of religiosity
More about people's feeling + motives
1. Belief
2. Practice
3. Experience
4. Knowledge
5. Consequences
43
Q

Kendall project

A

Heelas + Woodhead
Tested spiritual revolution thesis (claims spiritual revolution = occurring, growth in NAMs)
2 possible trends
1. Secularisation theorists (decline in trad)
2. Sacralisation theorists (growth in NAMs)

44
Q

Davie

A

Vicarious religion

Belief without belonging

Sociology Beliefs (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions