Trade Union Turning Points Flashcards
What are the paragraphs for TU turning points?
- Membership and organisation
- Bargaining Power and impact
- Worker Welfare
What are the points for membership and organisation? (5)
- KOL numbers
- Formation of AFL, Wobblies
- Pullman (Omnibus)
- FDR Presidency
- PATCO 1981
Membership impacts of KOL
20k–>700k members by 1886. However undermined by violence and Haymarket Affair
Membership impacts of AFL, Wobblies
Rise in numbers and activity. However wobblies undermined by violence
Membership impacts of Pullman Strike
1996, progress ruined by Omnibus Indictment Act which prevented collective strikes and caused fear to be active. 4 killed.`
Membership impacts of FDR
Wagner Act 1935, const. 37, encourages unionisation and sees rise encouraged by NRA ruling. Further reinforced by AFL-CIO 1955 which stops divisions
Membership impacts of PATCO 1981
Reagan injunction declares illegal, govt. workers can’t strike
Synthesis for Membership paragraph
- Wobblies and KOL both undermined by violence
- PATCO and Pullman both see negative outcome due to intervention
Points for Bargaining Power and impact paragraph (3)
- Wagner 1935
- Taft Hartley 1947
- PATCO 1981
Bargaining impact of Wagner 1935
Allows reps to bargain. NLRB also bargains, General Motors recognises in 1936, BSCP collective bargaining 37. However not recognised by Ford
Bargaining impact of T-H 47
No solidarity strikes or closed shops. However AFL-CIO retains impact
Bargaining impact of PATCO
Reduced bargaining power by breaking up government workers, who were scared and had less impact
Synthesis for Bargaining paragraph
- PATCO and T-H government intervention limits scale
- T-H and PATCO both government acts against solidarity strikes which limited power
Points for worker Welfare (4)
- Gilded Age
- Sherman and Clayton
- FDR Presidency
- Equal Pay Act
Welfare impact of Gilded Age
1890s slump (mechanisation) means workers laid off, no security, 2000 die in 89
Welfare impact of Sherman and Clayton
Sherman 1890 limits monopoly exploitation, reinforced by Clayton 1914, so 1890s not massive turning point. However Carnegie 90% 1950s.
Welfare impact of FDR
NIRA, NRA limit working hours and sets min wage, but unconst. 35. Ford rejected, Yellow Dog. Despite this, FLSA 38 est. min wage, undermines Adkins v Children’s Hosp BUT still no equal pay
Welfare impact of Equal Pay Act 1963
Equal pay. But not important as only helps one group and relied on changing attitudes from WWII.
Synthesis for Welfare paragraph
- Anti-Trust and Wagner both had progress limited by employers
- Sherman and FLSA both require reinforcement to have impact
- Equal Pay Act and BSCP limited as they only help one group
Trade Unions turning point conclusion
FDR most important as had influence on all 4 spheres despite setbacks, largely from Wagner and NLRB. Only factor showing wide-reaching success by changing attitudes.
