Native Americans Turning Points

Question 1

What are the themes for the turning point essay?

Answer 1

• Self Determination
• Land
• Culture, Religion
• Socio-Economic

Question 2

What are the points for Self Determination? (3)

Answer 2

• Dawes Act 1887 (W.H 1934)
• Termination 1953
• Nixon 70-78

Question 3

Impact of Dawes and WH on Self Determination?

Answer 3

Sets up reservations, citizenship and vote (reinforced by Indian Citizenship 1924. W.H grants administrative roles. However continuation of assimilation policy.

Question 4

Impact of Termination on Self Determination?

Answer 4

Ends tribal recognition, abolishes treaty rights. Major step backwards

Question 5

Impact of Nixon on Self Determination?

Answer 5

Status of NAs restored, Oneida 74 = can go to court to seek redress. Self Det Act 75 gives what they want

Question 6

Synthesis for Self Determination?

Answer 6

• W.H is largely a continuation of Dawes and Indian Cit. Act

- Nixon and W.H both positive, but Nixon gives what they want

Question 7

What are the points for land? (4)

Answer 7

• Plains Wars and reservations
• W.H 1934
• Red Power
• Nixon 70-78

Question 8

Impact of plains wars on land?

Answer 8

Restricted land and freedom by reservations policy. However, this had been kick-started by manifest destiny.

Question 9

Impact of Wheeler Howard on land?

Answer 9

Recovered un-allocated land and prevented sale of land. However, damage already done and undermined by Termination.

Question 10

Impact of Red Power on Land?

Answer 10

Alcatraz 69 and Rushmore 71 draws attention to plight. However, no legislative change.

Question 11

Impact of Nixon on Land?

Answer 11

Oneida vs Madison 74 allows land-based grievances to be settled. Sioux vs US 1980 gives financial settlement. However not what wanted

Question 12

Synthesis for Land paragraph?

Answer 12

• Nixon and W.H both hand land-based benefits, but Nixon saw long-term change as not undermined

Question 13

Points for Culture and Religion? (4)

Answer 13

• Wheeler Howard Act
• Allotment Policy
• Leavitt 1921
• 70s-80s Policies

Question 14

Impact of Wheeler Howard on Culture and religion?

Answer 14

Culture preserved in reservations, practice own religion, children receive NA education. Undermined by termination

Question 15

Impact of Allotment on culture and religion?

Answer 15

Undermined NA concept of shared land ownership

Question 16

Impact of Leavitt 1921 on culture and religion?

Answer 16

Showed poor federal attitudes to NAs. However, blocked and never passed. Marks a change in treatment and respect.

Question 17

Impact of 70s-80s policies on culture and religion

Answer 17

78 Religious Freedom Act allows to practice own religion. 86 Charrier vs Bell says remains belong to NAs. Longer term change as not undermined

Question 18

Synthesis for culture and religion paragraph?

Answer 18

• W.H marked a continuation of the allotment policy to restrict culture
• Wheeler Howard and Leavitt bill were both steps forward undermined by temrination

Question 19

Points for socio-economic paragraph (3)

Answer 19

• Dawes Act 1887
• W.H Act 34
• 1970s (Nixon)

Question 20

Socio-economic impact of Dawes on NAs

Answer 20

Assimilation targets tribal structure through reservations, meaning social change. However, improved healthcare as a result

Question 21

Socio-economic impact of W.H on NAs

Answer 21

Assimilation policy brought to an end, allowing increased tribal structure. Healthcare and education positives remain. However, undermined by Termination

Question 22

Socio-economic impact of Nixion on NAs

Answer 22

Education assistance 75, child welfare 78, Self Determination 75 allows control of H.C and education. Long lasting

Question 23

Synthesis for Socio-economic NAs?

Answer 23

1970s and W.H show similar attitudes and changes, but 70s not undermined

Question 24

Conclusion for NA turning points?

Answer 24

70s Most important as gave NAs what they wanted, impacted all 4 sectors, longer term than Wheeler Howard