Interpretations - Positives and Negative Flashcards
1
Q
Gilded Age - African American Positives (3)
A
- 1/20 read 65, 1/2 95
- Rise in AA organisations
- 47,000 professional 1900, but 8 mil pop
2
Q
Gilded Age, African American Negatives (5)
A
- Plessy 1896 “social, as distinguished from political” equality = segregation
- 1881 Tennessee segregation of rails
- Chicago 5,000 AAs
- Jim Crow, Grandfather clauses
- George H White retired 1901
3
Q
Gilded Age, Trade Union Positives (4)
A
- 7% Annual growth
- 60% wage rise for skilled
- KOL 20,000 81 to 700,000 86
- 86 AFL
4
Q
Gilded Age, Trade Union Negatives (4)
A
- Haymarket 1886 encouraged by demand for workers
- Hostility from employers and lack of security in 90s slump
- Injunctions against Pullman
- 20,000 railroad killed 89
5
Q
Gilded Age, Natives Positives (4)
A
- Dawes 87 allowed some to own land
- Reservations allowed farming, healthcare, culture
- 2x Boarding schools allowed jobs
- Won respect from Bighorn 76 due to poor treatment
6
Q
Gilded Age, Natives Negatives (3)
A
- Assimilation lost self-determination
- Reservations failed as lost historic freedom
- Sioux massacre at wounded Knee shows poor attitudes (300 dead)
7
Q
Gilded Age, Women Positives (4)
A
- 60k in temperance demos, many supported suffrage. WCTU
- 26% Philly workers female 1880s
- 1880s clerical white collar work, although no equal pay
- 1890 35 training schools for nurses
8
Q
Gilded Age, Women Negatives (4)
A
- Division in female movements limited them
- Temperance meant women’s issues weren’t focused on
- Immigration lowered status of domestic work
- Wages significantly unequal
9
Q
New Deal, AAs Positive (4)
A
- Robert Weaver Advisor on Economic Status of Negro 1934, secured $45 million for AA schools etc
- 250,000 literacy help by federal aid
- Farm Security Admin helped southern AAs hit by drop in food price
- Eleanor spoke against segregation and NAACP grew in 30s
10
Q
New Deal, AAs Negative (6)
A
- Little done for 200,000 evicted sharecroppers
- Farmers paid for not producing crops, AA tenants not paid
- Improvements to working conditions excluded agriculture and domestic service
- NRA regulations evaded
- Wagner’s benefits for unions didn’t reach AA casual workers
- CCC some relief to unemployed AAs, but Ten. Valley Dam segregated
11
Q
New Deal, Trade Unions Positive (6)
A
- NIRA 33 and NRA = codes for wages, hours
- Wagner 35 = collective bargaining
- Fair Labour Standards 38 = weekly wage
- General Motors recognised United Automobile Workers’ U in 36
- Membership 3.7mil 33 to 9mil 38
- CIO 35 = whole industry unions
12
Q
New Deal, Trade Unions Negative (5)
A
- Ford no recognise NIRA, Wagner
- NIRA unconst. 35
- Unskilled not benefitted greatly
- Differentials uphelp by NIRA and F.L.S.A
- Extension to all workers not met by WWII, low security
13
Q
New Deal, Natives Positive (4)
A
- Wheeler 34 = Self determination
- Wheeler - own religion and identity
- Stopped sale and recovered unallocated land (allotment abandoned)
- Tribal councils ended attempts to break tribal loyalty
14
Q
New Deal, Natives Negatives (4)
A
- Gains undermined by termination 53 and financial demands of WWII
- 75 of 245 tribes rejected Wheeler
- Insufficient funds to buy back land
- Wheeler voted on by ballot, democracy alien to Natives
15
Q
New Deal, Women Positives (5)
A
- Reforming organisations had a sympathetic administration as E. R spoke for women’s groups
- Frances Perkins became Secretary for Labor
- Florence Allen Appeal Courts judge
- Social Security Act 35 helped married women with kids
- Not specifically targeted at women but arose from female social worker proposals
16
Q
New Deal, Women Negatives (3)
A
- Traditional belief that women should not be paid equally uphelpd by NIRA
- Agriculture and Domestic (Women) not benefited much
- Female advisors limited to female roles (social policy)
17
Q
Black Power, AAs Positives (4)
A
- Consciousness of heritage, dress, app (B is B)
- Publicity (Mexico 68)
- 1972 Black Political Convention held
- “Identity politics” introduced gay and feminist attention for AAs
18
Q
Black Power, AA Negatives (3)
A
- Division increased fears and repression, weakening impact (moderates alienated)
- 67 MLK Criticised for failing to accept cooperation
- 70s movement ended. Diversity of aims and no organisation restricted it
19
Q
Black Power, Trade Unions Positives (4)
A
- Trade unions encouraged to abandon racism
- Winning civil rights gave AA workers union positions
- Economic Opp Act 64 influenced by BP and provided training
- Focus on poverty influenced “great society” and affirmative action to reduce poverty
20
Q
Black Power, Trade Unions Negatives (3)
A
- Militancy lost support
- Emphasis on differences created labour divisions
- Greater concern for culture means economics not impacted (1/10 points)
21
Q
Black Power, NAs Positives
A
- AIM militancy followed BP, suggesting influence
- Brought unity to AAs, encouraging NAs to end tribal divisions
- Mass movement of BP encouraged abandonment of NCAI
- Red power saying derived from BP but protests had already begun
22
Q
Black Power, NAs Negatives (4)
A
- NAs already united post-WWII and didn’t need influence
- NA pressure groups already had success (ICC)
- NIYC already showed militancy in response to termination
- There were a range of movements and red power was one of these, encouraged by change in minority attitudes from JFK, Johnson, Nixon
23
Q
Black Power, Women Positives (4)
A
- “B is B” meant confidence
- 1970s imprisonment of mean means 2/3 BP were female, Elaine Brown
- Encouraged women to lead in community initiatives (Healthcare, education) “Rev first, sis second”
- Questioning of norms encouraged gender politics, 2nd wave feminism by examination of discrimination
24
Q
Black Power, Women Negatives (3)
A
- Male attitudes impeded female rise to decision making roles. Violence and macho attitudes seen as male
- Feminism seen as white, some separatist BP groups opposed B. control
- Although encouraged criticism of discrimination and feminism, fear provoked conservative backlash and hindered equal rights amendment
