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Abi Geography 2015 > Trade and Transport > Flashcards

Trade and Transport Flashcards

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1
Q

Which form of transport is used most often for international trade?

A

Sea trade

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2
Q

Which forms of transport are the most important for land transport?

A

Rail and road

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3
Q

Which form of transport is best for short distances and smaller loads?

A

Road transport

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4
Q

Which form of transport is most common for transporting people?

A

Air transport

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5
Q

What do people trade with?

A

People trade with natural resources, the goods that they make and their skills and labour.

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6
Q

What is international trade?

A

International trade is trade between countries.

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7
Q

Why do people trade?

A

People trade to get the things that they need.

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8
Q

What are imports?

A

Imports are the goods that come into a country.

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9
Q

What are exports?

A

Exports are the goods that leave a country.

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10
Q

Why do people need transport?

A

People need transport to move goods between places.

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11
Q

What forms of transport have greatly improved trade?

A

Oil pipelines, refrigerated ships, container ships and container trucks.

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12
Q

Why has refrigerated transport helped trade?

A

Fresh food can now be transported over long distances without spoiling.

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13
Q

What enables workers to work?

A

Transport in towns

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14
Q

What do people use to get to work?

A

Buses, trains, taxis and cars

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15
Q

What has reduced the cost of transporting goods?

A

The invention of large container ships.

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16
Q

What has helped us to move goods and people more quickly between places?

A

High speed trains.

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17
Q

Where can transport take place?

A

On land, in the air and overseas.

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18
Q

What is the most common kind of ship?

A

The container ship

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19
Q

What is a container ship?

A

A container ship is a ship that carries large metal boxes with doors.

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20
Q

What are oil tankers?

A

Oil tankers are ships that have giant tanks inside of them to carry oil.

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21
Q

What is the most common use of air transport?

A

Air transport is most commonly used for the transportation of people.

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22
Q

What is the cheapest and quicker way to transport people over long distances?

A

Air travel

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23
Q

Which goods use air transport?

A

Light-weight valuable goods like diamonds, jewellery and expensive technical machines. Fresh fish, vegetables and flowers also use air transport.

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24
Q

What do motorbikes transport?

A

Motorbikes transport letters, medicines and small parcels.

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25
Q

What would a bakkie transport?

A

A bakkie would transport building materials, machines and spare parts.

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26
Q

What do trucks transport?

A

Trucks transport heavy goods, bricks wood and cars.

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27
Q

What are specialised road vehicles?

A

Refrigerator trucks, cement mixers and oil and petrol tankers.

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28
Q

What are refrigerator trucks used for?

A

Refrigerator trucks transport food that needs to be kept cold.

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29
Q

What are cement mixers used for?

A

Cement mixers transport and offload ready-made cement at building sites.

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30
Q

What are oil and petrol tankers used for?

A

Oil and petrol tankers transport oil and petrol.

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31
Q

What are railways used for?

A

Railways are used for transporting heavy goods such as coal and iron ore.

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32
Q

What are pipelines used for?

A

Oil and gas are transported using pipelines.

33
Q

How do pipelines work?

A

Special pumps push the gas or oil along the pipeline.

34
Q

What are specialised facilities?

A

Different modes of transport require specialised facilities such as airports, harbours, railways and roads.

35
Q

What are the advantages of road transport?

A

Goods transported by roads can go directly to places.
Road transport is cheaper and quicker over short distances.
Specialised trucks make it easier to move certain commodities.

36
Q

What are the disadvantages of road transport?

A

Traffic congestion because of so many vehicles
Increased traffic increases the risk of dangerous accidents
Exhaust fumes cause pollution, which is harmful to the environment, and to people’s health

37
Q

What are the advantages of rail transport?

A

They can carry a large number of passengers and goods.
Railways avoid traffic congestion
Most trains run on electricity, which causes less pollution than road transport.
Rail is cheaper bulkier goods

38
Q

What are the disadvantages of rail transport?

A

Trains have to follow railway lines, so they cannot go to many different places on one journey.
Goods transported by rail need to be offloaded and then transported by road to get to the people who need them.
To be efficient, a train needs to have a full load of goods. This is often an inconvenience.

39
Q

What is a transport network?

A

A network is when many different modes of transport link together.

40
Q

What will happen if the different transport routes do not link together?

A

The journeys will be difficult and will take much longer.

41
Q

What are ways of improving transport networks?

A

Replacing old trains and old railway technology
Developing new transport systems such as rapid rail and bus systems
Making sure that the different modes are well integrated
Introducing an integrated ticket system.

42
Q

What is an integrated ticket system?

A

An integrated ticket system is where a person can buy one ticket for all the different modes of transport.

43
Q

What is public transport?

A

Public transport, such as buses and trains, is used by the general public to get from one place to another.

44
Q

What is a commuter?

A

A commuter is someone who travels regularly on public transport systems to get to and from work.

45
Q

What is BRT?

A

BRT stands for Bus Rapid Transit.

46
Q

What is the Rea Veya?

A

Rea Veya is part of the Bus Rapid Transit system.

47
Q

What does Rea Veya Mean?

A

Rea Veya means ‘we are going’.

48
Q

What was the Rea Veya designed to do?

A

Rea Veya was designed to reduce congestion and pollution, as well as to create jobs and improve public transport.

49
Q

Why can Rea Veya buses travel faster than normal traffic?

A

They have special bus lanes.

50
Q

What will make Rea Veya the most effective movement of people across the city?

A

They are going to feed into existing transport networks.

51
Q

How many Rea Veya bus stops are there?

A

There are about 150 bus stops.

52
Q

How far apart are the bus stops?

A

They are approximately half a kilometre apart.

53
Q

When do the buses run in rush hour?

A

Every three to five minutes.

54
Q

Give three examples of private transport.

A

Bikes, cars and mini-bus taxis.

55
Q

Why do people like to use their cars in cities?

A

It offers them flexibility.

56
Q

Why don’t people like to use their cars in cities?

A

As more people use cars, traffic congestion increases.

57
Q

Why do some people in cities prefer to use bicycles?

A

Special bicycle lanes make it safer to travel by bike, and there is less traffic congestion.

58
Q

What do people like about mini-bus taxis?

A

They go to places where other transport does not
They stop anywhere to pick up people
They operate on weekends and after hours
They are quicker than others forms of transport

59
Q

What do people not like about mini-bus taxis?

A

They are often more expensive than other forms of transport
They may be unsafe because they are old or have careless drivers
Passengers have to wait for the taxis to fill up before they leave
They are often overcrowded

60
Q

What are the issues associated with using transport?

A

The cost of transport, traffic congestion and pollution.

61
Q

Why don’t people always choose the cheapest form of transport?

A

They may choose journey time, comfort or convenience over cost.

62
Q

What contributes greatly to pollution?

A

Exhaust fumes from cars, buses and mini-bus taxis.

63
Q

Why is pollution a bad thing?

A

Exhaust fumes contain poisonous chemicals, which are bad for the respiratory system.

64
Q

Why is traffic congestion a bad thing?

A

It causes pollution, costs money and wastes time.

65
Q

What are the main causes of traffic congestion?

A

There are too many cars on the road

The traffic systems are inefficient and slow down the flow of traffic

66
Q

What can help prevent traffic congestion?

A

Synchronised traffic lights
Traffic circles
One way road system
Car pool and bus lane on a motorway

67
Q

How will synchronised traffic lights help prevent traffic congestion?

A

They can be adjusted to be green for longer during rush hour
They can be programmed to change one after the other in a long stretch of road
Both of these methods prevent build up behind traffic lights

68
Q

How will traffic circles help prevent traffic congestion?

A

They prevent cars from coming to a complete stop

They help to maintain a steady flow of traffic

69
Q

How will a one way road system help prevent traffic congestion?

A

They increase the number of vehicles travelling in a single direction along a road
The direction can be changed during morning or evening rush hours

70
Q

How will a car pool and bus lanes help prevent traffic congestion?

A

Buses and mini taxis will have lanes to separate them from cars, reducing traffic
Cameras will be set up to monitor whether the lanes are being obeyed

71
Q

What are public transit strategies?

A

They are solutions to transport issues.

72
Q

What are examples of public transit issue solutions?

A

Rapid transport systems, car-free zones, bus lanes, cycle lanes, park and ride schemes and subsidised public transport.

73
Q

How will rapid transport systems help solve transport issues?

A

They are separate from other modes of transport, and are faster and often more efficient. They are designed to move large numbers of people quickly around urban areas.

74
Q

What are bus lanes?

A

They are parts of roads reserved specifically for buses.

75
Q

How do bicycles in cities work?

A

There are specific lanes for bike riders. In certain cities, there are bicycles for hire at terminals throughout the city.

76
Q

What are car free zones and restricted car usage areas?

A

These are areas where only cars with certain types of registration plates are allowed to be used, or where no cars at all may be used.

77
Q

What are subsidised public transport systems?

A

These are forms of public transport that the government pays for and supports.

78
Q

How do park and ride systems work?

A

Commuters bring their cars to certain facilities where their cars will be monitored and looked after. They then use public transport systems to get to their destinations. This system encourages commuters to use public transport more, thereby reducing traffic congestion.

Abi Geography 2015 (7 decks)

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