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Abi Geography 2015 > Settlement > Flashcards

Settlement Flashcards

1
Q

What kinds of settlements are there?

A

Rural and urban

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2
Q

What are urban settlements?

A

Urban settlements are larger than rural settlements and have more buildings and roads. Most people work in shops, offices and factories.

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3
Q

What are rural settlements?

A

Rural settlements are places that have few buildings and few roads. Most people work on the land.

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4
Q

What are examples of urban settlements?

A

Towns and cities.

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5
Q

How are different buildings grouped in urban settlements?

A

According to their use.

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6
Q

What is a land use zone?

A

A land use zone is an area that is dedicated for a specific purpose.

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7
Q

How many land use zones are there?

A

11

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8
Q

What are the different land use zones?

A 
CBD
Light industry 
Low income housing 
Middle income housing
High income housing
Heavy industry 
Shopping centres
New housing
Recreational areas
Poor informal housing
Business park and service industries
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9
Q

What are settlements?

A

Settlements are places where people live.

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11
Q

What are examples of businesses in the CBD?

A

It has many shops, offices and restaurants. There may be transport centres nearby.

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12
Q

What does CBD stand for?

A

Central Business District

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13
Q

What are zones for light industry?

A

They are areas that are used for small industries that do not need heavy machinery.

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14
Q

What are examples of light industries?

A

Examples are electrical industries, food processing, packaging and clothing industries.

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15
Q

What are zones for heavy industries?

A

Heavy industries occupy bigger buildings. They use bulky machinery and many resources.

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16
Q

What are residential areas?

A

These are areas where people live.

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17
Q

Why are there different forms of housing?

A

People live where they can afford it, based on their income. High income housing has big gardens and grand houses, whereas low-income housing have smaller gardens and are often crowded.

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18
Q

What are residential areas that are far away from the CBD?

A

They are called suburbs.

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19
Q

What are zones for shopping centres?

A

These are areas reserved for shopping centres, which are buildings with many shops and service industries in them. They are often near residential areas.

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20
Q

What are zones for services?

A

They are for businesses that provide a service to their customers.

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21
Q

What is a service?

A

A service is a job that someone does for someone else.

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22
Q

What are examples of services?

A

Plumbers, electricians and mechanics are service providers.

23
Q

What are recreational areas?

A

These are places where people go to relax, or to perform leisure activities.

24
Q

What are examples of recreational areas?

A

Zoos, stadiums, museums sports fields and parks are recreational areas.

25
Q

How many people live in rural areas?

A

Four in every ten people live in rural areas

26
Q

What are examples of rural areas?

A

Villages and farms

27
Q

What types of work are done in rural areas?

A

Farming
Fishing
Mining
Forestry

28
Q

What is farming?

A

Farming us when the main occupation is to produce food from the land.

29
Q

What are mining settlements?

A

Mining settlements are settlements that developed because of gold, diamonds or iron ore that could be found in rocks nearby.

30
Q

What are forestry settlements?

A

Forestry settlements are places that develop near forests, so that the people living there can harvest the wood.

31
Q

Why do fishing settlement develop?

A

They develop to allow the people living there to fish in nearby lakes and streams.

32
Q

How does urbanisation happen?

A

Urbanisation happens when people travel to towns and cities to live there.

33
Q

What is the most common type of migration today?

A

Movement from rural areas to urban areas.

34
Q

What kinds of reasons for migration are there?

A

Economic reasons
Social reasons
Political reasons
Environmental reasons

35
Q

What are economic reasons for migration?

A

No money or move to find work

36
Q

What are social reasons for migration?

A

Better quality of life, more exciting lifestyle or to be close to family members.

37
Q

What are political reasons for migration?

A

To move way from war or political problems

38
Q

What are environmental reasons for migration?

A

Flooding and other natural disasters

39
Q

What are examples of heavy industries?

A

Oil refining, cement factories, and iron and steel industries.

40
Q

What is a Central Business District?

A

A CBD is a place near the centre of a city that is used for business.

43
Q

What are issues associated with urbanisation?

A

Housing
Health care
Education

45
Q

Why are services such as health care and education an issue in rapidly urbanised areas?

A

There is a shortage of facilities and professionals for these services.

46
Q

What were the main reasons for the urbanisation of South Africa?

A 
The influence of early settlers
The discovery of diamonds and gold
The formation of the Union of South Africa
Apartheid population controls
Democracy
47
Q

How did early settlers influence the urbanisation of South Africa?

A

They began to build early cities.

48
Q

How did the discovery of diamonds and gold influence the urbanisation of South Africa?

A

When diamonds and gold were discovered, it caused people to flock to South Africa, causing rapid urbanisation.

49
Q

How did democracy influence the urbanisation of South Africa?

A

The new laws enabled people who had formerly lived in rural areas to move to urban settlements.

50
Q

What are reasons for informal settlements being developed?

A

A shortage of houses
Lack of urban planning
Large number of poor migrants

52
Q

What are pull factors?

A

They are things that encourage people to live in a certain area.

53
Q

What are push factors?

A

Push factors are things that encourage people to leave an area.

54
Q

What are examples of pull factors of urban areas?

A 
More job opportunities 
Better safety and security
Better services
Family members
Good education
More exciting lifestyle
55
Q

What are push factors of rural areas?

A 
No work
War
Political problems
Poverty
No food
Droughts
Flooding

Abi Geography 2015 (7 decks)

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