trade and transport

Question 1

People trade to ….

Answer 1

get access to the things that they need

Question 2

Imports are …

Answer 2

goods (products) that are brought into the country from other countries. (things coming in)

Question 3

trade is

Answer 3

the exchange of goods, services and labour.

Question 4

Trade is done through…

Answer 4

imports and exports.

Question 5

Exports are …

Answer 5

goods (products) that are sold to other countries. (things going out)

Question 6

how does transport and trade go together

Answer 6

Transport and trade usually go together as we need to be able to transport goods in order to trade with different places around the world.

Question 7

Transport can also be used for …

Answer 7

commuters

Question 8

commuters, this is when…

Answer 8

a person/people travel from one place to another on a regular basis. (like home to work or to the shops and back or to visit family and back home)

Question 9

different modes of transport:

Answer 9

Sea transport
Air transport
road transport
rail transport
pipeline transport
public transport

Question 10

tell me about sea transport

Answer 10

Cargo/container ships.

> Big containers are packed with goods, doors are locked and the container is placed onto a container ship.

> They contain many kinds of goods like cars, coal, food, machines, clothes, electrical good etc.

> The containers are packed like bricks onto the ship in order to transport as much as possible to one place.

> These ships are used to transport goods from one continent to another. Works with places all over the world.

> container ship is the most common kind of ship

> containers are large metal boxes with doors

> cranes load containers onto container ships

Question 11

tell me about air transport

Answer 11

Most of air transport is to transport people.

> It’s the cheapest and quickest way to transport people over long distances.

> If goods are transported using air transport, they are usually light-weight goods with high value, like diamonds.

> 90% of air transport is used for the transportation of people

> some food is transported by air - fish and vegetables

> flowers are also set by air

Question 12

tell me about road transport

Answer 12

Road transport is mainly to transport goods within a country.

Road transport is easier to transport.

Refrigeration trucks are good to transport perishable goods.

Trucks transport heavy goods like car and bricks etc.

Cars and motorbikes are used to transport lighter goods.

Armoured vehicles are used to transport light goods with high value inland. Those goods are then transported via air transport when being imported or exported.

With road transport there could be some congestion on the road where there are too many vehicles on the road and it make it difficult to move. It causes a traffic jam.

Question 13

tell me about rail transport

Answer 13

Rail transport is particularly use to transport heavy goods like cars, coal and iron.

This mode of transport is used when transporting goods within a country or continent.

When the heavy goods are being imported or exported then the other modes of transport will be used like sea or air transport.

Rail transport can carry many people and goods, they avoid congestion, there is less pollution with electric trains and it can be cheaper when the goods are in bulk.

There are also a few issues with rail transport as they can only follow one route (can’t take back routes), sometimes goods need to be transferred from one train to another, it’s not always reliable (eg. in SA electric trains cant work if there is load shedding or cable theft), the trains could be delayed and sometimes they are overcrowded.

Question 14

tell me about public transport

Answer 14

This is when people of the public use the same transport.

This could be things like taxis, trains or people sharing a car to go to the same place.

There are many ways that public transport in South Africa can be improved, e.g.
> park and ride systems,
> bus only lanes
> improve buses, trains and taxis etc.

used by general public to get from one place to another

may be owned and run by the local or provincial government who pay for the building and running of the system

the price people pay only covers a small cost of running most public transport systems

Question 15

tell me about pipeline transport

Answer 15

This mode of transport is used to transport liquids/gasses underground.

This is easier for oil, petrol and gas to be transported.

Mainly inland.

Question 16

trade takes place between …

Answer 16

individuals
companies
between countries

Question 17

international trade is trade between…

Answer 17

countries

Question 18

international trade involves…

Answer 18

buying imports and selling exports

Question 19

mode

Answer 19

a way in which something is done

Question 20

oil refineries

Answer 20

large factories where crude oil is processed into various fuels such as, petrol, diesel and paraffin

Question 21

commodity

Answer 21

something that is bought and sold

Question 22

oil tankers are ships that…

Answer 22

have giant tanks inside of them

carry millions of tonnes of oil from the oil producing countries to oil refineries

Question 23

consumer

Answer 23

someone who buys goods and services

Question 24

… has increased the number of vehicles that transport goods by road

Answer 24

construction of good roads and freeways

Question 25

uses of motorbikes

Answer 25

transporting letters, medicines and small parcels

Question 26

uses of bakkies

Answer 26

transporting building materials, machines and spare parts

Question 27

uses of trucks

Answer 27

transporting heavy goods, bricks, wood and cars

Question 28

uses of specialized road vehicles

Answer 28

refrigerator trucks transport food that needs to be kept cold

cement mixers transport and offload ready made cement at building cites

oil and petrol tankers transport oil and petrol

Question 29

advantages of road transport

Answer 29

goods transported by road can go directly to places

road transport is cheaper and quicker over short distances

specialized trucks make it easier to deliver certain commodities

Question 30

disadvantages of road transport

Answer 30

having many vehicles on the road causes traffic congestion

exhaust fumes cause pollution

increased traffic on roads increases the danger of road accidents

Question 31

advantages of rail transport

Answer 31

railways can carry a large number of passengers and goods

train transport avoids congestion and traffic jams

most trains run on electricity, causes less pollution than road transport

rail transport is cheaper for bulky goods such as coal cement and iron ore

Question 32

transport issues and explain

Answer 32

> cost for commuters
many south africans spend as much as 1/4 of their income on transport every month

a rise in transport cost will have a greater effect on people who spend a large part of their income on transport

> pollution
exhaust fumes from motor vehicles contribute greatly to air pollution

exhaust fumes contain poisonous chemicals and gases (carbon monoxide , lead and sulfur dioxide)

chemicals can cause serious damage to peoples health

most damage = respiratory system

can cause lung illnesses (asthma and bronchitis)

as well as cancers

> traffic congestion
is a big issue in many large urban areas

causes pollution, costs money and wastes time

causes of traffic congestion = too many cars on the road
insufficient traffic systems that slow down the flow of traffic

Question 33

respiratory system

Answer 33

the parts of a living organism that enable it to breathe

Question 34

synchronised traffic lights

Answer 34

number of different traffic lights along a road that are timed to change to keep traffic moving

Question 35

rush hour

Answer 35

the times when most people travel to and from work and school

Question 36

some ways to reduce traffic congestion

Answer 36

synchronised traffic lights
traffic circles
one way road systems
car pool and bus lane on a motor way

Question 37

public transport systems in urban areas

Answer 37

> commuter trains cities
transport is the main form of transport in many south african big cities

the reason for the drop in passengers = age of the trains

> bus rapid transit systems in SA
was introduced in Johannesburg, pretoria, cape town, mangaung and nelson mandela bay

SA decided to introduce BRT systems rather than other systems such as new railways because they are cheaper and more flexible

Question 38

rapid transit system

Answer 38

modern kind of transport that moves people quickly

Question 39

transport network

Answer 39

the various transport routes that join different places together

Question 40

integrate

Answer 40

connect together

Question 41

transit

Answer 41

the carrying of people or goods from one place to another

Question 42

what happens if transport systems do not link together well

Answer 42

then journeys will me more difficult and will take much longer

Question 43

when transport planners decide to build a new transport route what must they do

Answer 43

try to ensure that the new systems fit into the transport systems that already exist

Question 44

some new developments to improve transport networks

Answer 44

replacing old trains

replacing old railway technology

developing new transport systems

making sure that the different modes of transport integrate with each other

introducing an integrated ticketing service so that people can buy one ticket which can be used on all forms of transport

Question 45

Disadvantages of rail transport

Answer 45

Trains have to follow railway lines
They cannot go to many different places on one journey

Goods transported by railways need to be offloaded and then transported by road to those who need them

It is not always possible to carry a lot of goods