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geography > climate* > Flashcards

climate* Flashcards

1
Q

what is climate

A

average weather conditions in a place over many years

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2
Q

what is the weather

A

specific event or condition that happens over a period of hours/days

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3
Q

what is a climate region

A

a large area that has similar climate conditions

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4
Q

descriptions of climate are made after…

A

looking at climate info over a long period (30 years)

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5
Q

2 most important parts of climate

A

rainfall and temperature

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6
Q

what does temperature describe

A

how hot or cold a place can get

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7
Q

what do we measure temperature in

A

Celsius

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8
Q

what do we measure rainfall in

A

millimeters

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9
Q

what are climate graphs

A

a way of presenting climate info about temp and rainfall

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10
Q

what does climate data provide

A

info about the average amount of rain for each month and average total rainfall for the year

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11
Q

what is solar radiation

A

heat from the sun

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12
Q

factors that influence temperature and rainfall

A

distance from the equator
distance from the sea
height from above sea level
ocean currents
mountains (relief)

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13
Q

temperature decreases…
explain

A

with latitude
further away from the equator the lower the temperature

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14
Q

the earth is tilted o its axis which mean…

A

certain areas lean towards or away from the sun

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15
Q

what affects how much radiation certain areas receive from the sun

A

position of the earth during the yearly revolution

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16
Q

temperature and rainfall are influenced by…

A

how far a place is from the sea

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17
Q

places far from the sea

A

hot hot summers and cold winters

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18
Q

the sea helps to …

A

cool coastal places in summer and warmer in winter

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19
Q

inland meaning

A

an area that does not have access to the sea

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20
Q

what does solar radiation do

A

heats the land to a higher temperature

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21
Q

solar radiation only heats the ….of solids

A

surface

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22
Q

solar radiation can … deep into the water and heat…

A

penetrate
the water layer below the surface

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23
Q

what affects the air

A

temperature of land and oceans

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24
Q

what do we measure when we want to describe the temperature of a place

A

the temperature of the air

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25
what is altitude
height above sea level
26
the higher the place the...
lower the temperature
27
average drop in temperature is... for every 1000m in altitude
6,5 degrees celsius
28
where are there fewer air molecules and more air molecules
fewer: top more: bottom close to the earth's surface
29
air is ... at higher altitudes
thinner
30
tell me about mount kenya
permanently covered in snow and ice on the equator 5199 above sea level
31
what are currents
large masses of water that constantly move in the top 100m to 200m of the world's oceans
32
some ocean currents flow at the speed of...
10km per hour
33
main causes of ocean currents
winds differences in water temperature rotation of the earth
34
solar radiation close to the poles is ...
weaker and seasonal
35
what are warm currents
currents that flow closer to the equator
36
what are cold currents
currents that begin close to the poles
37
name an example of a warm current
agulhas current (indian ocean)
38
example of cold current
benguela current (south atlantic ocean)
39
what causes water in ocean currents to move to the right
rotation
40
temperature of ocean currents affects...
temperature of places next to them
41
how is air above cold ocean currents cooled
contact with cold water
42
cooling causes air to...
lose moisture as rain
43
describe the climates of areas next to cold currents
cool, dry climates
44
describe the climate of areas close to warm ocean currents
warm temperatures and high rainfall
45
relief
the shape of the land
46
windward
facing the wind
47
leeward
sheltered from the wind
48
the relief of the land means that...
some areas receive more solar radiation than others
49
how can mountains bring rain into some areas
forcing air to rise and release moisture content as rain
50
how can mountains prevent some areas from getting enough rain
by sheltering the area
51
what are the shadow areas
places on the sheltered side of a mountain
51
what are the shadow areas
places on the sheltered side of a mountain
51
temperate
mild, without extremes
52
explain tropical climate
occur between equator and 25N and 25S of the equator have high temperatures and high rainfall vegetation is rainforests places closer to the equator have a wetter climate 2 types: wet tropical climate and dry tropical climate wet tropical =places closer to the equator =Amazon area of Brazil =temperature range is small =rainfall is high =only one season =2000mm a year dry tropical =closer to the tropics =have wet and dry season =rain falls in wet season =are in large areas of east africa
53
explain semi desert climate
250mm - 500mm of rain on the borders of true hot deserts temperatures are high rainfall is unpredictable droughts are common Kalahari region is a semi desert in SA high temperature range between day and night
54
explain continental climate
between 30 and 60 lines of longitude in the northern hemisphere rainfall is 500mm to 1250mm a year summers are short winters are long summer temperatures: above 20 degrees for 3 or 4 months winter temperatures: 0 degrees for 6 months
55
explain polar climate
very little precipitation -40 degrees is common long winter months have few hours of daylight no month has a temp. above freezing summers are short but there are many hours of weak sunlight are in places close to north and south poles
56
explain subtropical climate
similar to dry tropical climate regions are further from the equator occur on the east coast of continents summer temps. = above 20 degrees winter temps. = around 15 degrees precipitation = 1000mm The east coast of KZN has subtropical climates
57
explain temperate climate
are mild climates do not have very high and very low temperatures and rainfall occur between 40 and 65 N and S lines of latitude average yearly temp = 10 degrees rainfall = 1400mm most rain falls in winter
58
explain desert climate
precipitation = 250mm cold and hot deserts Antarctica is the world largest cold desert Sahara is the worlds largest hot desert little vegetation hot deserts day temps. = 50 degrees
59
explain tundra climate
occur next to polar climate regions between 60 and 75 N and S summer temps. = 2 - 12 degrees one month of temperature above freezing no trees can grow most precipitation occurs in summer as rain precipitation= 100mm - 400mm which falls as snowb
60
explain high mountain climate
climates = similar to tundra and polar called alpine climates temperatures are low because of the altitude
61
c ` explain mediterranean climate
precipitation = 400mm - 600mm main kind of climate in the areas around the mediterranean sea climate = warm summers and cool, wet winters summer temps. = above 20 degrees winter temps. = 10 - 15 degrees
62
gautengs climate is influenced by 3 factors...
altitude ** latitude distance from the sea
63
most of gauteng is more than ...m above sea level
1500
64
what has the greatest influence on durbans climate
agulhas ocean current
65
inland areas of KZN are affected by...
latituide altitude mountains distance from the sea
66
summer winter temperatures mahikeng kimberley mthatha
25 and 12 24 and 11 22 and 12
67
temperature range
difference between high and low temperature
68
minimum temperature
lowest temperature recorded in a given time
69
maximum temperature
highest temperature recorded in a given time
70
coldest ever recorded temperature in SA
-18.6 degrees near molteno in the eastern cape
71
what is fog
condensed water vapour or ice crystals that can be seen in the air
72
what is rain shadow
areas that receive low rainfall because they are sheltered by mountains
73
name and explain the types of rain
relief _-_-_ formed when a warm, moist wind rises against a mountain side convectional rain _-_-_ caused by a warm, moist air which rises vertically above large land masses frontal rain _-_-_ caused when a cold air mass moves in under warm, moist air which is forced to rise

geography (4 decks)

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