Trade Flashcards
Greek goods abroad: trade, identities ('pots are not ppl'), role of Eubs emporia: typicality, diff from apoikia Shipwrecks: imp as evidence incl for networks Trade and the Econ: wine, from arch, valuable metals, arch invisible goods, gift exchange
What appears to have been a significant export from Phoenicia? Evidence?
timber
nineveh relief shows cedar trees being transported
What archaeological evidence has been found at Tyre?
Euboean pottery
Cypriot pottery
local style red-slip pottery and juglets
Al Bass cemetery - mostly lower class tombs for adults, dates from 10-8th cents
What archaeological evidence has been found in Sidon?
Euboean and Cypriot pottery
Settlement evidence from BA onwards
What was a pottery decor style that originated from Cyprus? Why is it signif?
black on red
It was distributed around Greek world, the agents in tis process were likely Phoenicians
What are the first two stops on the Phoenician trade route west?
Cyprus and Crete
What structure in Kommos attests to a signif influence of Phoen traders in the area?
Temple B
Had v eastern plan and many faience figures found there, incl of Sekhmet and Nefertum
What evidence is there of Phoenician links at Knossos North Cemetery?
Phoen script found on pottery dedicated in graves
cippi (grave markers of Phoen style) used
When was Carthage founded? Significance?
9th cent BCE
Was founded by Phoenicians, likely with an element of trade function. By 7th cent had become v prosperous and had much evidence of Phoen and Greek material culture
What trade did Carthage likely primarily profit from?
metals, dyes, and olive oil
Evidence of Carthaginian trade abroad?
They had very distinct storage pot
What is one of the most unique elements of archaeology in Carthage?
Tophet necropolis
Necropolis in which grave markers are tophets, eastern structures of basic stone shapes
What burial rite is uniquely archaeologically and literarily attested to in Carthage?
Child sacrifice, from 770-50 to 4th cent BCE, likely for sake of the community
What is the evidence of trade in Utica? Nuance?
Euboean, Cypriot, and Sardinian imports found
most items excavated were locally sourced
What evidence is there of trading links in Sardinia?
bronze figurines from Cyprus
Euboean pottery
Etruscan wares
What was an important export of Sardinia?
bronze
When was Sant’Imbenia founded? Signif?
late 9th cent BCE
Appears to have been key metal working region and has evidence of trading links e.g. eub and pithekoussai pottery
Through what means did the Phoenicians settle in Sardinia?
influence in Carthage and individuals from there appearing to travel over
What group has traditionally been seen as the agents of Mediterranean trade in EIA?
Euboeans
Why does a pot (e.g. from Euboea) not equate to related people in the findspot?
a person of that specific place does not have to have carried that pot
What is the problem with the literary evidence as to Phoenicians?
it is all or at least mostly Greek
What impression does one get of Greek view on Phoenicians in EIA from Homer? Significance?
negative, hostile
Has impacted the bias of modern scholars towards greek agency in Medit trade of the period
Alongside Euboean, what are the other key sources of Greek pottery found around the Med in EIA?
Rhodes
Corinth
Other than pottery, what are the other goods being trading in EIA Med? Why have these been neglected?
textiles, metal ores, human slaves, grain, and oil
Pottery has become what archaeologists rely on to argue for Greek agency and look for in their work
What did Boardman argue from the high numbers of greek pottery recorded at Al Mina? How did Papadopoulos caveat this?
Al Mina was a Greek (largely Euboaean) emporion there, intended to serve trading interests but also being a potential settlement.
1. Dependence on greek pottery logic could in turn mean an arg could be made as to Lefkandi being an Eastern Med emporion.
2. Material published is only one part of a complex picture due to the difficulties in excavation and bias of scholars.
