Acculturation Flashcards
Orietalising' consumption esp regarding Crete Phoenicians and Gs in colonisation and cultural infl Difficulties w Greek World and Greekness ideas Spread of G alphabet
What criteria does Jo Quinn provide for an ‘ethnic group’ that she says the ‘Phoenicians’ do not meet?
a collective name
common myth of descent
a shared history
a sense of solidarity
an association with a specific territory
a distinctive shared culture
What are the two uniting features of the cities and people who lived in what the Greeks called Phoenicia?
language
cosmopolitanism
Why did the topography of ‘Phoenicia’ led itself to separated city states who developed a tradition and interest in sea travel?
very mountainous, with Mt Lebanon backing on to them, and hills and rivers across the land between them
all were coastal cities with little else to go
What phrase does Quinn use to assert Phoenician-speaking peoples sea faring tendency?
‘a shore-to-ship perspective’
With respect to material culture, what does Quinn argue about the idea of ‘Phoenicians’?
what we have come to perceive as Phoenician items are often weak in connection to ‘Phoenicia’ and their distribution patterns appear more in line with consumer interests rather than a sense of a Phoen group collective
What happened culturally when ‘Phoenicians’ settled a colony in the west?
a great deal of cultural interactions with the region with the result of complex interrelationships between mother cities and nearby communities
What defines prestige goods?
placement in tomb contexts
exotic status in consumer view
high intrinsic value
rarity in consumer’s area
aesthetic/technologically desirable
antiquarianism
From where are much of the 12th cent + prestige goods in Cretan burials from?
the east
or at least mimicking these in form/decor
Why are lentoid flasks and bird askoi (unguent vessels) unusual in being used as prestige goods in mainland G? Expl?
they had little intrinsic value and were largely locally made
The association with the East added cultural value
What trading of Cyprus demonstrates the two way cultural influence occurring betw W and E Greece c12th cent?
cypriot traders appeared to have taken ‘easternising’ goods to mainland greece
BUT ALSO transported their own goods, based on Aegean styles, to the East
in both places, these goods are regarded as exotica
What distinguishes the practice around prestige goods of Aegean vs Cyprus? Expl?
Cypriot tombs had far more alabaster, precious metal, large metal goods of easternising style.
Aegean ppl had far more limited access as demo by conc of such goods on COASTS rather than being determined by wealth of indivs (this did happen but to far less of an extent)
Greater resources (metal) and craftsmanship on Cyprus, and geographical considerations.
What early imitation at Karphi demonstrates a limited access of Aegean to easternising objects?
four sided stand made of clay
Originals of the object were in bronze, found in high numbers in Cyprus
What factors governed prestige good circulation? Signif?
geographical and social determinants
There was great diversity across the Aegean in extent of eastern influence, including the fact that it was not merely the elite gift-exchange mechanisms that drive such mixing but more complex networks.
What is the overall pattern of prestige imported goods dispersal in EIA Crete? Wallace’s expl?
wide spread of these goods not just at ports/coastal setts
Dispersed setts and insecurity of period meant flexibility and opportunism defined exchange within the island (lack of controls/restrictions etc)
What was the duality of Cretan prestige good circulation?
‘exotica’ - items from East/Cyprus - transported alongside locally made imitations or luxury native goods
(supported in burial evidence where a non-local clay item may be found alongside a locally made imitation of the same thing)
What change to pottery production occurred in post-collapse period in Crete? Pottery styles?
Previous to collapse, pottery production was centred in large industrial areas driven by export.
At the point of collapse, settlements became dispersed and separate leading to a pattern of dispersed producers on a far more modest scale.
Greater homogeneity of styles, similar to traditional Cretan types likely a result of desire for conservatism in insecure times and less vitality in the pottery production.
What is the problem with the many bronze finds in Crete early EIA?
the high number does not align with the lack of metalworking practice evidence we have
This suggests that metalworking was done close to island’s entry points of the resources or remelting was done
What is the picture of iron use in early EIA Crete?
Very little metalworking evidence for iron found as well as rarity of finished objects. They were largely imports attesting to a novelty of the metal in the eastern Med
