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Neuroanatomy > Tracts and Nuclei > Flashcards

Tracts and Nuclei Flashcards

1
Q

Marginal zone

A

Contains spinothalamic tract neurons that relay to ventral posterior thalamic nucleus.
All levels of spinal cord.

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2
Q

Substantia gelatinosa

A

Contains interneurons modulating pain and temperature inputs.
All levels of spinal cord.

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3
Q

Nucleus proprius

A

Where somatosensory inputs are processed and relayed to ventral horn (for reflexes) and brain.
All levels of spinal cord.

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4
Q

Dorsolateral fasciculus

A

Dorsal root entry zone for pain and temperature fibres.
All levels of spinal cord.

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5
Q

Nucleus dorsalis

A

Clarke’s column.
Contains tract neurons relaying proprioceptive input from LOWER limbs to cerebellum.
T1-L2 (all thoracic, some lumbar)

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6
Q

Intermediolateral nucleus

A

Contains preganglionic sympathetic neurons.
In lateral horn, only T1-L3.

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7
Q

Sacral autonomic nucleus

A

Contains preganglionic PARAsympathetic neurons (autonomic neurons to pelvic viscera).
Only S2-S4.

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8
Q

Medial motor nucleus

A

Contains motor neurons of axial musculature.
All spinal levels.

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9
Q

Lateral motor nucleus

A

Contains motor neurons of distal musculature.
Only at spinal enlargements.

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10
Q

Spinal cord sensory/motor organisation?

A

Sensory: above sulcus limitans.
Motor: below sulcus limitans.

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11
Q

Spinal cord somatic/visceral organisation?

A

Somatic: closer to sulcus limitans
Visceral: further from sulcus limitans

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12
Q

Gracile fasciculus

A

Function: discriminative touch, vibration, proprioception for LOWER LIMBS.
Start: dorsal root ganglion from below T6.
End: gracile nucleus.
Cross: uncrossed.

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13
Q

Cuneate fasciculus

A

Function: discriminative touch, vibration and proprioception for UPPER LIMBS.
Start: dorsal root ganglion above T6.
End: cuneate nucleus.
Cross: uncrossed.

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14
Q

Spinothalamic tract

A

Function: pain (sharp), temperature, some light touch.
Start: marginal zone, nucleus proprius (and sometimes modulated in substantia gelatinosa)
End: thalamus
Cross: at level of spinal cord.

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15
Q

Dorsal spinocerebellar tract

A

Function: proprioception and some touch of LOWER limbs.
Start: nucleus dorsalis.
End: cerebellum.
Cross: uncrossed.

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16
Q

Ventral spinocerebellar tract

A

Function: proprioceptive info (incl. reflexes) of LOWER limbs.
Start: nucleus proprius and intermediate zone of lumbosacral cord.
End: cerebellum.
Cross: crosses ventral white commisure, crosses back to ipsilateral as it enters cerebellum.

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17
Q

Cuneocerebellar tract

A

Function: proprioception and some touch for UPPER limbs.
Start: lateral cuneate nucleus in caudal medulla.
End: cerebellum (v. short tract).
Cross: uncrossed.

18
Q

Lateral corticospinal tract

A

Function: motor, skilled voluntary movements of distal muscles.
Start: M1 and premotor areas of cortex.
End: spinal enlargements.
Cross: at pyramidal decussation in caudal medulla.

19
Q

Ventral corticospinal tract

A

Function: motor, skilled voluntary movements of trunk and proximal limbs.
Start: M1 and premotor areas of cortex.
End: throughout spinal cord.
Cross: uncrossed.

20
Q

Rubrospinal tract

A

Function: autonomic motor, muscle tone in distal muscles of upper limbs.
Start: red nucleus.
End: lateral motor column (spinal enlargements).
Cross: early in midbrain.

21
Q

Vestibulospinal tract

A

Function: autonomic motor, controls postural muscles for balance and posture.
Start: lateral vestibular nucleus in medulla.
End: interneurons in ventral horn at all levels.
Cross: uncrossed.

22
Q

Anterolateral system

A

Spinothalamic tract + spinoreticulothalamic tract.
Light touch, pain and temperature.
Runs between inferior olivary nucleus and spinal trigeminal nucleus in medulla, then dorsolaterally to medial meniscus in pons and midbrain.

23
Q

Reticulospinal tract

A

Function: autonomic motor, stereotyped movements in axial and distal muscles, muscle tone, visceral smooth muscle.
Start: reticular formation of pons and medulla.
End: interneurons in ventral horn at all spinal levels, as well as lateral horn and sacral autonomic nucleus.
Cross: uncrossed.

24
Q

Upper motor neuron lesion

A

Spastic paralysis:
- loss of voluntary control to muscles
- hypertonia
- hyperreflexia
- Babinski sign (extensor plantar response)

25
Q

Lower motor neuron lesion

A

Flaccid paralysis:
- loss of neural input to muscle
- hypotonia
- hyporeflexia
- muscle wasting

26
Q

Brown-Sequard Syndrome

A
  • hemisection of spinal cord
  • spastic paralysis on contralateral side
  • loss of sensation on ipsilateral side
  • loss of pain and temp. sensation on contralateral side
27
Q

Lumbar cistern

A

A reservoir of CSF between L1-2 to S1-2. It is where spinal cord ends.

28
Q

Cerebral peduncles

A
  • aka. crus cerebri
  • attach cerebrum to brainstem
  • contain corticopontine, corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts
  • arises from ventral pons
29
Q

Middle cerebellar peduncle

A
  • largest
  • contains pontocerebellar fibres
  • originates in basis pontis
30
Q

Superior cerebellar peduncle

A
  • smallest
  • originates in cerebellum
  • decussates in midbrain
  • terminates in thalamus
  • contains cerebellothalamic, cerebellorubral and ventral spinocerebellar tracts
31
Q

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

A
  • originates in medulla
  • terminates in cerebellum
  • contains spinocerebellar fibres (cuneocerebellar, olivocerebellar and dorsal spinocerebellar)
32
Q

Inferior olivary nucleus

A

Coordinates signals from spinal cord to cerebellum.
Regulates motor coordination and learning.

33
Q

Superior colliculi

A

Involved in incorporating environmental stimuli and coordinating gaze shifts with head movements.

34
Q

Inferior colliculi

A

Involved in sound localisation, frequency determination and integration of auditory and non-auditory inputs.

35
Q

Medial lemniscus

A

Function: discriminative touch, vibration and proprioception.
Start: gracile and cuneate nuclei in medulla.
End: ventral posterior nucleus in thalamus.
Cross: sensory decussation of medulla.

36
Q

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

A

Function: coordinating eye movements with head position (connects the abducens, trochlear, occulomotor and vestibular nuclei).
Cross: crossed and uncrossed.

37
Q

Lateral lemniscus

A

Function: carries auditory information, part of auditory pathway.
Start: superior olivary nucleus and cochlear nuclei.
End: inferior colliculi.
Cross: posterior tegmental commissure.

38
Q

Central tegmental tract

A
  • between red nucleus (midbrain) and inferior olivary nucleus (medulla)
  • contains fibres of RF
39
Q

Corticopontine fibres

A
  • synapse with pontine nuclei in basis pontis
  • form pontocerebellar fibres post-synapse
  • then ascend to cerebellum via MCP
  • don’t enter pons or medulla
40
Q

Corticobulbar tract

A
  • target motor nuclei of cranial nerves (trigeminal, facial, hypoglossal) and nucleus ambiguus in pons and medulla
  • enters pons but not medulla or spinal cord

Neuroanatomy (7 decks)

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