Blood Supply and Venous Drainage Flashcards
Branches of vertebral artery
- anterior spinal
- posterior spinal
- posterior inferior cerebellar (PICA)
Branches of basilar artery
- posterior cerebral
- superior cerebellar
- anterior inferior cerebellar (AICA)
- pontine
- labyrinthine
Supply to cerebellum
- superior cerebellar
- anterior inferior cerebellar
- posterior inferior cerebellar
Supply to medulla
- anterior spinal (medial)
- vertebral
- PICA (lateral of rostral)
- posterior spinal (lateral of caudal)
Supply to pons
- pontine arteries (paramedian supply medial, circumferential supply lateral)
- superior cerebellar (dorsal of rostral)
- AICA (dorsal of caudal)
Supply to midbrain
- posterior cerebral artery, collicular branch (dorsal)
- posterolateral perforating arteries (lateral)
- posteromedial perforating arteries (medial)
Posterior cerebral artery
Supplies:
- midbrain
-occipital lobe
- inferior/medial temporal lobe
Anterior supply
Branches of internal carotid artery:
- anterior choroidal
- anterior cerebral
- middle cerebral
- posterior communicating
- opthalmic
Anterior cerebral artery
Supplies medial surface of hemispheres:
- pericallosal (supply parietal)
- callosomarginal (supply frontal)
Middle cerebral artery
Supplies the lateral surface of the hemispheres, including:
- M1, S1 and A1
- Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas
- auditory and POT association areas
Anterior choroidal artery
- choroid plexus
- hippocampus and amygdala
- optic tract
- posterior limb of internal capsule
- globus pallidus
Perforating arteries
- anteromedial (anterior hypothalamus, septal area)
- anterolateral (striatum, globus pallidus, anterior/posterior limb of internal capsule)
- posteromedial (medial midbrain, thalamus, posterior hypothalamus)
- posterolateral (lateral midbrain, posterior thalamus)
Medial striate artery
Supplies:
- head of caudate
-anterior limb of external capsule
Dural folds
- falx cerebri
- tentorium cerebellum
- diaphragma sellae
Dural sinuses
- superior sagittal (falx)
- inferior sagittal (falx)
- straight (between flax and tentorium)
- transverse (tentorium)
- confluence of sinuses
- cavernous
- sigmoid
- superior petrosal
- inferior petrosal
Superficial veins
Blood from lateral hemisphere drains into superior sagittal sinus.
Blood from medial hemisphere drains into inferior sagittal sinus -> straight sinus.
Both end up in confluence of sinuses -> transverse -> sigmoid -> internal jugular vein
Deep veins
Blood drains from deep structures (thalamus, basal ganglia, etc.) into great cerebral vein. This drains into straight sinus -> confluence of sinuses -> transverse -> sigmoid -> internal jugular.
Cavernous sinus
Drains into superior petrosal sinus -> sigmoid -> internal jugular vein.
OR drain into inferior petrosal sinus -> jugular vein.
Types of haemorrhage
- epidural (haematoma between skull and dura, rupture of meningeal artery, clean lens shape)
- subdural (haematoma beneath dura, rupture of superficial vein)
- intracerebral (rupture of intracerebral vessel (eg. berry aneurysm)
Choroid plexus locations
- lateral ventricle: inferior horn, collateral trigone and body
- 3rd ventricle: roof
- 4th ventricle: inferior medullary velum
CSF production
CSF is made from filtered plasma. It has less cells, proteins, glucose, K and Ca ions. It has more Mg and Cl ions.
CSF reabsorption
CSF reabsorbed through arachnoid granulations in superior sagittal sinus. This is via passive transport.
Hydrocephalus
Occurs when CSF production > absorption.
- non-communicating (flow of CSF blocked within ventricles (eg. tumour compressing aqueduct)
- communicating (reduced CSF reabsorption (eg. due to haemorrhage in superior sag. sinus) or due to excess CSF production due to tumour of choroid plexus)
