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Neuroscience > Tracts > Flashcards

Tracts Flashcards

0
Q

medial reticulospinal tract

A

originates reticular formation in pons
travels ipsi in spinal cord
synapes at all levels of SC on alpha & gamma MN and interneurons

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1
Q

reticulospinal tracts

A

medial reticulospinal tract
lateral reticulospinal tract

DESCENDING TRACT

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2
Q

medial reticulospinal tract action

A

increases muscle tone

facilitates voluntary movement

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3
Q

lateral reticulospinal tract

A

originates reticular formation medulla
crosses at medulla
travels down SC on BOTH sides
synapses at all levels SC and alpha & gamma MN & interneurons

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4
Q

lateral reticulospinal tract action

A

decreases muscle tone

inhibits voluntary movement

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5
Q

vestibulospinal tracts

A

medial vestibulospinal tract
lateral vestibulospinal tract

originates:
vestibular nuclei
superior colliculus
interstitial nucleus

DESCENDING TRACT

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6
Q

medial vestibulospinal tract

A

travels BOTH sides SC
activates LMN for accessory nerve, head & neck movements
projects bilaterally

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7
Q

lateral vestibulospinal tract

A

does NOT cross
facilitates activity of extensor MN & extensor reflexes
projects to all levels of SC

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8
Q

vestibulospinal tracts promote

A

antigravity reactions, activity of extensor muscles, especially neck and axial trunk

coordinates head and neck with movement rest of body

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9
Q

lateral reticulospinal tract damage

A

may promote hypertonicity and spasticity

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10
Q

rubrospinal tract facilitates

A

flexor motor neurons & flexor reflexes via interneurons

intentional movement of arms

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11
Q

rubrospinal tract

A

somatotopically organized
sends fibers to contra cervical spine (UE)
projections to cerebellum

DESCENDING TRACT

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12
Q

rubrospinal tract lesions at midbrain (red nucleus)

A

motor deficits on contra side

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13
Q

rubrospinal tract lesions below midbrain

A

ipsi movement deficits

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14
Q

corticobulbar tract

A

activates LMN’s for cranial nerves

projections bilateral EXCEPT CN VII, XI, XII synapse on contra CN nucleus

DESCENDING TRACT

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15
Q

corticobulbar tract CN’s

A

III to XII

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16
Q

dorsal columns actions

A

tactile sensation
vibration
proprioception

ASCENDING TRACTS

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17
Q

dorsal columns 1st order neurons

A

ipsi side SC

synapse in medulla at cuneate & gracile nuclei

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18
Q

dorsal columns 2nd order neurons

A

fibers from cuneate & gracile to thalamus on contra side

CROSS AT SENSORY DECUSSATION

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19
Q

dorsal columns 3rd order neurons

A

fibers from thalamus to somatosensory strip on ipsi side

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20
Q

cuneate/medial lemniscus

A

cervical and upper thoracic synapse here

upper body

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21
Q

gracile/medial lemniscus

A

sacral, lumbar, lower thoracic synapse here

lower body

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22
Q

dorsal columns effect of SC injury

A

ipsi loss of:
discriminative touch
vibration sense
proprioception

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23
Q

spinocerebellar tracts

A

ASCENDING

dorsal/posterior spinocerebellar (s/c)
cuneo spinocerebellar (cuneocerebellar)
ventral/anterior spinocerebellar
rostral spinocerenellar

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24
Q

dorsal/posterior spinocerebellar

A

travels ipsi in SC, brainstem, & cerebellum

synapses at nucleus of clarke

deals with info from muscle spindles & GTOs

Lamina VII levels C8-L2

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25
Q

dorsal/posterior spinocerebellar actions

A

non-conscious proprioception from body & legs

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26
Q

cuneocerebellar tract

A

travels ipsi in SC, brainstem, & cerebellum

does NOT synapse at cuneate nucleus

27
Q

cuneocerebellar tract actions

A

non-conscious proprioception of arms

muscle spindles & GTOs

28
Q

ventral/anterior spinocerebellar tract

A

GTO neurons synapse in dorsal horn of gray matter - lamina V - VII
Crosses to other side of segment, travels contra up SC, crosses back at pons

29
Q

ventral/anterior spinocerebellar actions

A

provides info about leg movements and postural adjustment

non-conscious proprioception

30
Q

rostral spinocerebellar

A

synapses at dorsal horn of gray matter, crosses at segment, travels ipsi up SC, crosses back at pons

31
Q

rostral spinocerebellar actions

A

non-conscious proprioception of arms

32
Q

anterolateral system/spinothalamic tract

A

ASCENDING

Direct - neospinothalamic

Indirect - paleospinothalamic, spinoreticular, spinomesencephalic

33
Q

direct spinothalamic tract

A

neospinothalamic

synapses in dorsal horn
has collaterals connecting spinal segments above and below
crosses at SC segment travels up contra SC to thalamus
continues from thalamus to somatosensory cortex

34
Q

direct spinothalamic tract actions

A

pain
temperature
crude touch

(neospinothalamic)

35
Q

neospinothalamic lesion in SC

A

won’t lose all pain & temperature sensation at that level due to collaterals

36
Q

lesion of entire left side of spinal segment

A

NO sensation on left side

NO pain & temperature on right side

37
Q

indirect spinothalamic pathways

A

paleospinothalamic
spinoreticular
spinomesencephalaic

ascend on both sides
poor somatotopic mapping
multiple synapses in reticular formation, hypothalamus, PAG, limbic system

38
Q

indirect spinothalamic pathways actions

A

involved in autonomic, endocrine, motor & arousal systems, aspects of pain, temperature & crude touch

may help activate pain-inhibiting mechanisms

39
Q

direct spinothalamic tract injury

A

complete contra loss of pain, temperature & crude touch below level of lesion

40
Q

indirect spinothalamic tract injury

A

less clear, may alter arousal & affective responses to pain

changes in how you experience pain and temperature

41
Q

descending tracts

A

carry signals related to movement and autonomic activity from higher levels of the CNS to the SC

tracts:
corticospinal (pyramidal)
rubrospinal
tectospinal
vestibulospinal
recticulospinal
propiospinal
42
Q

corticospinal/pyramidal

A

DESCENDING

largest descending tract

controls: voluntary movement of the upper and lower limbs by providing direct input to MNs (and INs) at every level of SC

43
Q

2 portions pyramida/corticospinal tract

A

lateral corticospinal

anterior corticospinal

44
Q

corticospinal tract travels

A

from primary motor strip in precentral gyrus of frontal lobe travels ipsi to medulla

90% cross at caudal medulla - pyramidal decussation - travel down SC contra - lateral corticospinal tract

(other 10% travel ipsi down SC but synapse on contra MNs - anterior corticospinal tract)

45
Q

pyramidal tract organization

A

somatotopically - face lateral, legs medial

46
Q

lateral corticospinal controls

A

fine movements of arms, legs, hands, and feet

47
Q

anterior corticospinal controls

A

axial muscles of trunk

48
Q

lateral corticospinal tract lesions

A

ipsi paralysis of UE & LE below level of lesion (crosses in medulla)

49
Q

rubrospinal tract

A

DESCENDING

from red nucleus in midbrain - crosses at PAG (midbrain)

50
Q

rubrospinal tract functions

A

excite flexor MNs

inhibits extensor MNs

51
Q

tectospinal tract

A

DESCENDING

superior colliculus in midbrain to upper cervical segments

52
Q

tectospinal tract functions

A

may coordinate head & neck movements with visual and auditory stimuli

53
Q

medial longitudinal fasciculus

A

DESCENDING

fibers coming from vestibular and reticular nuclei from superior colliculus to ipsi upper cervical SC

54
Q

medial longitudinal fasciculus function

A

positions head in response to vestibular apparatus

55
Q

vestibulospinal tract

A

DESCENDING

lateral & medial aspects
ipsi
both from vestibular nuclei

56
Q

lateral vestibulospinal tract function

A

excite extensor muscles of legs & trunks

57
Q

medial vestibulospinal tract function

A

adjusts head position with regard to posture

58
Q

recticulospinal fibers

A

DESCENDING

from reticular formation
signals for:
-suppresses reflexes (movement)
-autonomic NS
-modulates spinothalamic system (pain)
59
Q

propriospinal fibers

A

DESCENDING

connect multiple adjacent spinal segments

mediate reflexes intrinsic to SC

some can cross numerous spinal segments

60
Q

brown sequard syndrome

A
  • hemisection of SC
  • damage to: lateral corticospinal, posterior/dorsal columns, ventral systems
  • ipsilateral to lesion - hemiparesis and other motor signs, loss of vibration, proprioception & discriminative touch
  • contralateral to lesion - loss of pain & temperature
  • dissociation between pain/temp vs proprioception and touch (opposite sides)
61
Q

syringomyelia

A

damage to anterior white commissure near central canal - affects spinothalamic tract

bilateral loss of pain and temperature, NOT proprioception and touch

62
Q

ALS

A

progressive degeneration of corticospinal tract and ventral horn cells

  • weakness & discoordination
  • usually affects lower limbs first
  • ultimately affects muscles for breathing & swallowing
  • descending autonomic pathways also affects
63
Q

damage to 1 dorsal root

A

sensor function not totally disrupted

  • sensory dermatome is innervated by several nerve root
  • may cause loss in muscle tone due to loss of muscle spindle activity
64
Q

damage to 1 ventral nerve root

A

total loss of muscle function for associated muscles

65
Q

Anterior trigeminothalamic tract

A

Cutaneous receptors from the face and head

Adetla and C fibers from CN:
V
VII
IX
X
66
Q

Anterior Trigeminothalamic tract pathway

A

Main sensory nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus and related nuclei for CN VII, IX, X

Decussated and ascend thru brainstem

Project to ventral posteromedial nucleus in thalamus

Project to face areas of somatosensory cortex I and II

Neuroscience (4 decks)

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