Tracing, Nonmotor Cb, DA Flashcards
Barley Lectin (paper). Issue?
Lisa Horowitz and Linda Buck 1999. Express BL via promoter and then they can travel across synapses. Need a genetically targetable population. (not good for mapping topography)
GFP tagged to TTC (paper and concept)
Maskos and Brulet 2001:
GFP tagged to tetanus Toxin Fragment C: expressed in genetically defined population fo cells for retrograde trasnport.
Cre-Dep PRV name, paper
PRV Ba2001. High background. Deflaco &Enquist/Friedman 2001
SMA and Pre-SMA paper. Findings, year.
Akkal, Dum, Strick 2007.
Found that BG and Dentate nuc of cerebellum project to SMA (motor structure), Pre-SMA (rostral, nonmotor, cognitive, attention to task). 3:1 or 4:1 BG to Dentate projections. Saw hand regions in dentate and nonmotor via 8B3. Dorsal dentate more to SMA, ventral more towards Pre-SMA.
Recent Review of Cerebellar output channels to the rest of the brain: authors and date? General theme?
Bostan and Strick 2013. Dentate has a topography (ventral and caudal to nonmotor) up to 50% if you include 8B3 chondrotin suflate proteoglycan staining.
Dentate output to PPC (retrograde studies). Author, technique/AIP function
Clower et al 2001 and 2005. (with dum and strick). Rabies virus. AIP: visual control of grapsing, visual attention.
Dentate output to Interparietal areas (Medial and lateral)
Prevosto (Ugoloni) et al 2009. LIP/MIP: visual attention, proprioceptive guidance for reaching.
Cerebellar cortex (Lob 6>5>4 and then Crus II) projection targets, what did it show and paper?
Lobs: M1. Crus II to DLPFC (area 46). Showed closed loops (with H129 into CCtx areas showing projection to granule cells there).
Kelly and Strick 2003.
Cerebellar stimulation studies: location, effect, papers
Anand et al 1959, Snider and Maiti 1976: Stim at fastigial nuc and vermal cortex can evoke limbic responses including in the Cingulate and Amygdala (inhibition followed by rebound excitation).
Old Cb theory: what is it and authors?
Brooks and Thach (1981): Cb converges input from rest of the brain outputs to VL–>M1
Two papers showing closed loop between BG and Cb. Findings, authors?
Bostan, Dum, Strick 2010:Rabies showing STN>PN>CbC (H7B, Crus II). STN label for H7B (caudal), for CII (rostral)
Hoshi (Strick) 2005: Cb (Dentate)>VL/Intralaminar (Centromedian/PFN)>Putamen>Gpe
Type of Processing done by Cb, Bg, Ctx? Who?
Kenji Doya (1999, 2000)
Cb: Supervised (feedback based)
BG: Reinforcment
Ctx: Unsupervised
Idea of Cb used in error based learning (2) authors
Marr (1969) and Albus (1971)
Timing of Cb: simple and complex rhythms? Author?
Simple: Anterior cerebellum, Complex: Posterior.
Sakai and collegues (1999 and 2000).
Anterior Cb vs Post Cb encodes? Author?
Kenji Doya (2000) Anterior: Internal models of body dynamics. Post: Internal models of prediction, useful for perception, and adjustment.
Antibody to stain “nonmotor” dentate. Gradient? What it stains for? Paper? Function?
Other less good antibody, gradient, paper?
8B3. Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan. Pimenta (Strick and Levitt) 2001. Shows a rostral (+)-caudal (-) gradient (some ventral claimed later by strick but not in original paper). In areas projecting to PFC and Posterior Parietal Ctx. Present in glial scars, part of why axons don’t regenerate post SCI. Might be inhibitory growth cues during devo.
Fortin 1998. Calretin, Parvalbumin. Most stongly in the ventral regions (squirrel monkey).
Corticopontine Projections: Locations and papers?
Schmahmann 1991: Superior Temporal Sulcus and Sup temp region.
Brodal ‘78; Schmahmann and Pandya ‘87: Parietal assocation areas.
Schmahmann (and Pandya) 1993: Prelunate, Occipitotemporal and Parahippocampal Projections
Nonmotor fMRI Studies
Allen 2005, Haba 2009, 2010
Cingulate cortex label from WGA-HRP into Pons?
Glickenstein 1985
Cog Affective Syndrome Sxs and Paper
Schmahmann and Sherman 1998.
Deficits in attentional/executive control, procedural memory, WM, lanague and visual spatail processing. Literature is incosisent–possibly due to motor confounds and due to different locations/extent of damage
Kids with posterior fossa syndrome: sxs and paper
Cantelmi 2007-8. Intellectual, emotional, and educational impairments.
Cerebellum and motor.
Cb and timing: evidence and paper.
Motor: Dates back to Holmes 1939.
Ivry and Keele 1989: Cerebellar damage patient had difficulties perceiving and producing accurate timing intervals.
Cerebellum active when:
1) Imaging finger tapping
2) Producing speech
1) Hanakawa 2008
2) Ackerman 1998
Uchida paper: date, findings.
- VTA: value coding, input from Lat Hypothal and less from Lat Orbital cortex. Lateral Dorsal Tegmental Nuc (Norepi).
SNc: salience coding, input from Motor, somato and Sub thal.
Striatum is most prominent input to both VTA and SNc: Reward prediction.
Physio difference between VTA and SNc neurons (paper).
VTA: excited by reward, inhibited by aversive.
SNc: excited by both.
Matsumo and Hikosaka (2009)
TH in PCs? Author? In what system?
Fujii 1993: TH in PCs of human and mouse
Expansion of posterior cb in apes/humans
MacLeod 2003
fMRI studies showing fronto-cerebellar loops: paper and findings
Fenna Krienen and Buckner 2009. Four circuits:
1) M1 with Lob 5/8
2) Anterior PFC: Lob 6,7AB, Crus I
3) DLPFC Lob 7b, Crus II
4) mPFC Lob 9 and Crus I
Cerebellar Pathways to LC/VTA
Snider 1976
Fast Nuc to VTA (mostly ipsi)
Inter/dentate to SNc (contra)
Lesion in CbC results in increase of neocrotical DA
Lesion in fast nuc results in decrease of neocrotical DA (rat)
DAT Cre > TH Cre
Lammel and Malenka 2015: Showed DAT-Cre has more specific cre expression than TH-Cre (~50% overlap of Cre-dependent YFP expression with TH+ staining).
Pathologies showing DA release in mPFC is abnormal: Pathologies? Papers?
ASD (Enrst 1997)
Schizo (Bennet 1998)
Emotional Processing (morrow 1999)
Cingulate Lesions? Effect? Paper?
Hadland 2003: Cingulate lesions in macques resulted in decreased social interactions, decrease time with others, decreased vocalizations and increased time with inanimate objects
Human Cb abnormalities in ASD? Paper?
Courchesne 2011: Differences as early as 2-3 yrs old. Lob 6 and 7 consistently different.
Electrophysiological connections in monkeys between Neo and Cb. Paper? Connection?
Watson 2009: DLPFC and Crus II/Lob 7.
Coevolution of Neocortex and Cb
Sultan 2002
Paper implying cerebellum process is similiar for movment, WM, affective processing.
Ramnani 2006
Cerebellar inverse model? Explain? Author?
Kawato’s Cerebellar Feedback Error Learning Model.
Feedfoward (predictive of error/future state of plant–aka what is being controlled) comes from PF’s simple spikes and the feedback (trains the feedfoward circuit) comes from the complex spikes of the CFs
