Basic Med School Knowledge + Virology

Question 1

Herpesvirus basic characteristics

Answer 1

DSLIDE: Double stranded, Linear, icosohedral, DNA, Enveloped.

Question 2

Herpes Entrance

Answer 2

Viral Glycoprotein gB and gC bind to heparin sulfate. 2) gG binds to entry receptors (HVEM: herp virus entree mediator). Then gB with gH/gL fuses with GAGs.
C+D (cluster of dif required for binding). B+A+L(?) (required for fusion.

Question 3

Where are you adding the Flpbow sequence? What do they code for?

Answer 3

Between UL26/27. Ul26: Capsid Protein. UL27: Glycoprotein B.

Question 4

HRP: direction, and reference

Answer 4

R-retrograde. Mesulam (1982) HRP tracing handbook series

Question 5

WGA-HRP

Answer 5

Wheat Germ Agglutinin HRP: Retrograde: gets uptaken in lysosome (HRP does as well)

Question 6

PHA-L

Answer 6

Phageolus Vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-L): A-anterograde

Question 7

TTC

Answer 7

Tetanus Toxin Fragment c: Retrograde

Question 8

Viruses used for Tracing

Answer 8

Retro: PRV (Alpha Hepre), Rabies (Rhado)
Antero: HSV, VSV (Rhabdo), Sindbis (toga)
AAV: Parvo “antero”

Question 9

Parvovirus

Answer 9

NESSLD: Nonenvleoped, single stranded, linear, DNA

Question 10

What deletions prevent spread of PRV into axons. Source (Recent review with enquist)

Answer 10

PRV Bartha lacks: gE, gI and US9. Matt Taylor +Enquist 2015. Trends in Microbiology)

Question 11

Rhadobvirdae different than HSV?

Answer 11

HSV/PRV assembled in cell body. RV pieces are carried down axon/dendrites and assembled before egress

Question 12

WPRE. Paper and Mechanism.

Answer 12

Donello Hope 1999 Jour of Virology. Tested GFP and luciferase expression and found a 5-8x increase in expression.
Possible Mechanism: introns have regualtory sequences,. Splicing seems to stim gene expression (Ryu and Mertz 1989).

Question 13

PRV-IE180 Null Paper. Length of time between PRV’s

Answer 13

mbio 2014: Wu, Engel, Enquist.
PRV 151: 10 days showed signs of infection (in vitro)
PRV 128: no effects 1 month after.
Showed no superinfection exclusion.

Question 14

Rabies papers for retrograde spread

Answer 14

Ugolini (1995, 2010); Callaway 2008)

Question 15

SAD-Delta-G Rabies (both papers) and what they made

Answer 15

Wickersham et al 2007: Replaced Glycoprotein with EGFP. Transcomplementation of G-protein, and psuedotyped virus for Avian env A (so works with TVA now).
Osakada et al 2011 Neuron: made variants including Tet inducible cre, tamoxifen indcubile cre, and flippase expressing cre systems. Showed no infection sxs post 7 days but dead at 14 (window is 5-11 days).

Question 16

PRV paper. Where does PRV diffuse? PRV replication?

Answer 16

Gary Aston-Jones, Card 2000. PRV has affinity for ECM (such as Hep suflate) so doesn’t diffuse much. CAN infect perikarya, but affinity is for axon terminals.

Question 17

Paper showing PRV with CTB. Author, what did it show

Answer 17

O’Donnell 1997. Showed CTB zone is larger than uptake of virus

Question 18

When and where was H129 cultured from? What paper did the neurovirulence analysis on it?

Answer 18

Taken from a Herpes encephalitis case in 1977. Dix et al 1983 did the virulence assay and found it to be anterograde

Question 19

PRV Bartha deletions normally necessary for anterograde spread

Answer 19

gE, gI (both used at axon terminal, possibly for egress?)
and US9 needed for sorting at the axon.
All are necessary for anterograde. Bartha is missing all 3..
Enquist 2002.

Question 20

Number of viral genomes per cell? Paper?

Answer 20

Less than 7. Kobiler (enquist) 2010

Question 21

Original Brainbow Paper

Answer 21

Livet….Sanes & Lichtman 2007