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Module Two > Trachea + Larynx > Flashcards

Trachea + Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

Name the three major regions of the larynx?

A

Vestibule, middle, infraglottic space

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2
Q

Name the v shaped space between the vestibular ligaments

A

Rima vestibuli

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3
Q

Name the v shaped cavity between the vocal ligaments

A

Rima glottidis

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4
Q

What vertebral level would you find the carina?

A

T4-5, sternal angle, thoracic plane

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5
Q

What vertebral levels are the thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage respectively?

A

C4-5 and C6

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6
Q

What CN innervates the larynx?

A

Vagus (X)

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7
Q

What is a Pancoast tumour and why would it produce a hoarse voice?

A

Tumour in the apex of the lung, in the right side, it might compress the recurrent laryngeal nerve and paralyse of the vocal cords

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8
Q

What specific branch of nerve supplies the cricoid cartilage?

A

Superior laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve (X)

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9
Q

What does the larynx allow for during valsalva manoeuvre?

A

Rise in intra abdominal pressure

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10
Q

What vertebral level would you describe the larynx as?

A

C3-C6

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11
Q

How many cartilages make up the larynx?

A

9

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12
Q

What bone is the larynx suspended from?

A

Hyoid

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13
Q

How does the hyoid bone attach to the skull?

A

The stylohyoid ligament attaches from the styloid process to the horns of the hyoid.

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14
Q

Name the three unpaired cartilages of the larynx

A

Thyroid, cricoid and epiglottis

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15
Q

Name the three paired cartilages of the larynx

A

Arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform

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16
Q

What about the larynx is more prominent in males?

A

The laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)

17
Q

What membrane forms the vocal ligaments?

A

Cricothyroid membrane

18
Q

What lies between the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid bone?

A

Thyrohyoid membrane

19
Q

What type of epithelial cells cover the vocal chords?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium (non-keratinising)

20
Q

What is the rima glottidis also known as?

A

True vocal chords

21
Q

When will the rima glottidis be completely abducted?

A

Forced inspiration

22
Q

What will the rima glottidis look like at rest?

A

Partially adducted

23
Q

What will the rima glottidis look like during swallowing?

A

Completely adducted

24
Q

What muscle is vital in abduction of the vocal chords, what would happens if this muscle was paralysed?

A

Posterior-cricoarytenoid, asphyxiation

25
Q

What branch of the vagus nerve supplies the majority of motor supply to the laryngeal muscles?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

26
Q

Where does the recurrent laryngeal nerve branch off the vagus nerve on the left side?

A

Arch of the aorta

27
Q

Where does the recurrent laryngeal nerve branch off the vagus nerve on the right side?

A

Proximal end of the right subclavian artery

28
Q

Tumours involving the hilum of the lung might have what symptom?

A

Hoarse voice, left vocal cord palsy due the compression of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve

29
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of bilateral vocal cord palsy and what might cause it?

A

Respiratory distress, caused by viral infection, cervical spine surgery and thyroid surgery.

30
Q

Which muscle of the pharynx is attached to the hyoid bone?

A

Middle constrictor

31
Q

What vertebral level is the hyoid bone?

A

C3

32
Q

What muscles are involved in the adduction of the vocal chords?

A

cricothyroid, thyroarytenoids, transverse arytenoids, oblique arytenoids, lateral cricoarytenoids

33
Q

What are the functions of the larynx?

A

Phonation, raises intra-abdominal pressure, directs food into the oesophagus and away from the trachea

34
Q

Describe the cartilage structure in the trachea

A

C-shaped hyaline cartilage, smooth muscle joining the two sides.

35
Q

What glands in the trachea help secrete mucus?

A

Seromucous acinar

36
Q

Describe the cartilage structure in the brochi

A

Complete rings (extrapulmonary), incomplete rings (intrapulmonary)

37
Q

Where is a tracheostomy usually placed?

A

1-2cm inferior to the cricoid cartilage

Module Two (9 decks)

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