Nose + Pharynx

Question 1

What are the openings that connect the nasal cavity with the nasopharynx called?

Answer 1

Choanae

Question 2

Name the three bones that divide the nasal cavity

Answer 2

Superior, medial and inferior concha

Question 3

How many channels are there in the nasal cavity?

Answer 3

4

Question 4

What artery travels through the sphenopalatine for foramen, and which artery does this originate from?

Answer 4

Sphenopalatine artery, from the maxillary artery, from the external carotid

Question 5

What bones make up the hard palate?

Answer 5

Palatine and maxillary

Question 6

What nerves supply the general sensation of the nose?

Answer 6

Trigeminal (V) (Ophthalmic and maxillary branches)

Question 7

Where does the maxillary nerve originate from?

Answer 7

Trigeminal (V)

Question 8

What anchors the falx cerebri to the skull?

Answer 8

Crista galli

Question 9

The cribiform plate is the superior part of what bone?

Answer 9

Ethmoid

Question 10

What lies on the lateral aspect of the ethmoid bone?

Answer 10

Orbit

Question 11

What is the vomer?

Answer 11

Bone that separate the two nasal cavities

Question 12

The greater palatine artery and nasopalatine nerve travel through which canal?

Answer 12

Incisive

Question 13

The anterior and posterior ethmoidal artery originate from which artery, which in turn originates from which artery?

Answer 13

Ophthalmic artery from internal carotid

Question 14

Maxillary and facial arteries originate from which artery?

Answer 14

External carotid

Question 15

What vertebral level does the oesophagus begin?

Answer 15

C6

Question 16

During nose breathing, what happens to the soft palate?

Answer 16

Depression

Question 17

What happens to the soft palate during swallowing?

Answer 17

Lifts up to close off the nasopharynx

Question 18

Name the three constrictor muscles of the pharynx

Answer 18

Superior, middle and inferior constrictor

Question 19

What are the longitudinal elevator muscles of the pharynx called?

Answer 19

Salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus and stylopharyngeus

Question 20

What two nerves mainly supply the pharynx?

Answer 20

Glossopharyngeal (IX) and Vagus (X)

Question 21

Where are the adenoids?

Answer 21

Superior portion of the nasopharynx, posterior to the chonae

Question 22

Where do the frontal, ethmoidal and maxillary sinuses drain?

Answer 22

Hiatus semilunaris in the middle meatus

Question 23

Where does the sphenoidal sinus drain?

Answer 23

Spheno-ethmoidal recess (superior meatus)

Question 24

How many ethmoidal sinuses are there?

Answer 24

Three

Question 25

What is significant about the drainage points for the frontal and maxillary sinuses?

Answer 25

Maxillary sinus drains into the hiatus semilunaris below the frontal. This can cause the spread of infection if fluid from the frontal sinus enters the maxillary sinus.

Question 26

Where is the nasolacrimal duct and what does is drain?

Answer 26

Inferior meatus, drains fluid from the lacrimal sac of the eye.

Question 27

What gland sits superior-posterior to the sphenoid sinus?

Answer 27

Pituitary

Question 28

What lines the nasal concha?

Answer 28

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 29

What nerve supplies the frontal sinuses?

Answer 29

Ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (V)

Question 30

What nerve supplies the maxillary sinuses?

Answer 30

Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (V)

Question 31

What are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve (V)?

Answer 31

Ophthalmic, mandibular and maxillary

Question 32

What is anosmia?

Answer 32

Loss of sense of smell

Question 33

What causes a headache in sinusitis?

Answer 33

Compression/irritation of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve

Question 34

Where might you feel referred pain in maxillary sinusitis and why?

Answer 34

Toothache due to compression/irritation of the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve

Question 35

What two muscles are attached to the soft palate?

Answer 35

Tensor veli palatini and levator veli palatini

Question 36

What nerve supplies the three constrictor muscle of the pharynx and, therefore, the majority of motor innervation?

Answer 36

Vagus (X)

Question 37

Where is the stylopharyngeus and what nerve supplies it?

Answer 37

Most anterior-inferior longitudinal muscle of the pharynx, glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

Question 38

Describe the boundaries of the nasopharynx

Answer 38

Choanae anteriorly, adenoids superiorly, soft palate (or pharyngeal isthmus) inferiorly

Question 39

What directs solids and liquids into the oesophegus?

Answer 39

Piriform fossae

Question 40

Where do the lingual tonsils lie?

Answer 40

Posterior aspect of the tongue

Question 41

What cranial nerve supplies sensory innervation to the oropharynx?

Answer 41

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

Question 42

What supplies sensory innervation to the nasopharynx?

Answer 42

Maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (V)

Question 43

What supplies sensory innervation to the laryngopharynx?

Answer 43

Superior laryngeal nerve, a branch of the Vagus (X)

Question 44

Tumours in the laryngopharynx can produce pain where and why?

Answer 44

The anterior aspect of the external ear, because the vagus nerve has an auricular branch here that supplies sensory innervation, they both synapse at the same place in the medulla which can cause confusion as to where the signal is coming from.

Question 45

What cranial nerves are involved in dysphagia in stroke patients?

Answer 45

Glossopharyngeal sensory innervation and vagus nerve motor innervation.

Question 46

What type of epithelium is the roof of the nasal cavities lined with?

Answer 46

Olfactory epithelium

Question 47

What type of epithelium are the concha lined with?

Answer 47

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Question 48

What type of cartilage is the septum made from?

Answer 48

Hyaline cartilage

Question 49

In what type of cells is mucus produced?

Answer 49

Goblet cells

Question 50

What are the only two structures of the upper airway that aren't lined with PSCC epithelium?

Answer 50

Epiglottis and vocal cords. Non keratinizing stratified squamous