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Forensic BioScience > Trace Evidence Analysis > Flashcards

Trace Evidence Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

What evidence can be viewed under a microscope?

A

Light sources for objects and garments

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2
Q

What is the procedure of collecting trace evidence?

A

Characterisation and comparison
Assessment of significance
Safety of trace evidence (preservation/reliability)

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3
Q

What is trace evidence?

A

Very small amounts of material

Provides a link between suspect and victim/locus

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4
Q

What is Locard’s principle?

A

Every contact leaves a trace

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5
Q

What are some examples of trace evidence?

A 
Hair
Fibres (natural vs. artificial) 
Glass
Paint sample
Fluids
Soil
Chemicals
Pollen
Seeds
DNA
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6
Q

What is a reactive trace?

A

Know something about the suspect, looking for links, i.e. suspect wearing red cardigan described by witness, look for that on victim

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7
Q

What is an inceptive trace?

A

Don’t know anything about suspect, find red fibres on victim, make connection. Find trace evidence don’t know who it’s come from actively link to suspect

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8
Q

What are different variables in types of material?

A

Amount of material- amount of material available for transfer
Nature and duration of contact, length of time of contact
Persistence of material- size, surface of receiving material, grooves on shoes
Finding the material- shaking, brushing
Evidence value of the material

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9
Q

What are the main ways to recover evidence obtained?

A

Shaking- shake garment to get material
Brushing- pocket lining brushing to remove trace material
Taping- recovers hair and fibres
Vacuuming- minute particles e.g., firearm discharge residue
Swabbing- small amounts of smeared material, e.g. blood, fluids
Hand picking- glass, leaves

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10
Q

What is the key information obtained from glass?

A

Shape, colour, thickness

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11
Q

What is the physical analysis of glass?

A

Refractive index (most common 1.5)

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12
Q

What is the chemical analysis of glass?

A

Scanning electron microscope (chemical characteristics, different radiation patterns)

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13
Q

What is a fibre?

A

Any long thin flexible solid objects with a high length to transverse cross-section are ratio

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14
Q

What are examples of natural fibres?

A

Animal, vegetable, mineral

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15
Q

What are examples of man-made fibres?

A

Organic, inorganic

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16
Q

How do you analyse fibres?

A

Taping
Low power microscopy
Cross-sectional shapes- thickness
Microspectrophometer
TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography)- removes dyes present in fibres
Infra Red Spectroscopy (particularly man-made fibres)

17
Q

What is the hair made up of?

A

Medulla, Cortex, Cuticle

18
Q

What is the Medulla?

A

Middle, collapse cells, sometimes difficult to see

19
Q

What is the Cuticle?

A

Outside, scale cells

20
Q

Where a possible sources of hair?

A

Clothing, bedding, sheets, weapon, car seats

21
Q

Is the scaling the same or different in other mammals hair?

A

Different

22
Q

What is the classification of hair?

A

Human, animal, body part it’s come from, determine race, any artificial alteration (e.g. wig, hair dye)

23
Q

How do you examine dyed hair?

A

Use TLC

24
Q

What are the phases of hair?

A

Annogen phase

Telogen phase

25
Q

What is the Annogen phase?

A

Actively growing hair

26
Q

What is the Telogen phase?

A

Hairs finished growing

27
Q

What is the DNA issue with hair?

A

Can only obtain DNA evidence if root is obtained, only mitochondrial DNA can be collected if its from the body

28
Q

What other information can hair give you?

A

Toxicology

29
Q

How is evidence assessed for significance in terms of comparison?

A

How much analysis has been carried out, how much characterisation and comparison

30
Q

What is the usefulness of rare evidence?

A

The less common the easier to produce a conviction

31
Q

What are the issues with trace evidence?

A

Innocent sources accused due to secondary or even tertiary transfer
If contamination evidence is not reliable in court

32
Q

What is the importance of reliability/safety of trace evidence?

A

Reputable- i.e. has there been any contamination, enough analysis
Relevant circumstances- i.e. crime in house, suspect lived in house
Funding

Forensic BioScience (19 decks)

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