Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Forensic BioScience > Head Injuries > Flashcards

Head Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two classification of wounds?

A

Blunt Force

Sharp Force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are blunt force wounds?

A

Abrasions
Bruises
Lacerations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are sharp force wounds?

A

Incised wounds

Stab wounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are abrasions?

A

Light abrasion of epidermis
Tend to have no blood loss
No damage of blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are bruises?

A

Different colours- release and breakdown of haemoglobin just under skin, degradation of haemoglobin through spectrum of colours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are lacerations?

A

Edges irregular
Over bony regions
Hard to join together with stitches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are incised wounds?

A

Longer than they are deeper
See where mechanism of injury has occurred
Deeper at entry wound, shallower as it goes on (tappers off)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are stab wounds?

A

Deeper than they are wide (narrower)

If knife hits in intercostal spaces (between ribs)- lung puncture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the skull composed of?

A

Cranium- neurocranium and viscerocranium (viscero=organs)
Bones of face
N.B. The mandible is considered separaetely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a pneumatised bone?

A

A bone that is hollow or contains many air cells, such as the mastoid process of the temporal bone, frontal sphenoidal, ethmoidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the weakest point of the skull?

A

Pterion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the Pterion?

A

Point of meeting in frontal, temporal and sphenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the zygomatic bones use?

A

Crash impact barrier to protect eyes from injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the facial features?

A 
Eyes
Nore
Maxilla- upper teeth
Mandible
Teeth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 2 types of head injuries?

A

Primary

Secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are primary head injuries?

A 
SCALP
S- Skin
C-Connective tissue
A- Aponeurosis 
L-Loose connective tissue
P- Periosteam
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is aponeurosis?

A

Injury to scalp- takes off three layers off all in one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are secondary head injuries?

A

Meningitis- menigis inflamed around brain and spinal chord
itis- inflammation
Ischaemia- reduction of blood supply
Increased ICP- intracranial pressure (trauma, bleeding, infections)
Oedema- swelling of brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What types of skull fractures can you get?

A 
Linear
Hinge
Comminutes
Ring 
Distant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are linear fractures?

A

Straight ish line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are hinge fractures?

A

Back of skull, one of the skull moves relative to other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are comminutes fracture?

A

Many different pieces (less common)

23
Q

What are ring fractures?

A

Ring all the way around the skull (most serious)

24
Q

What are distant fractures?

A

Impact at one point, skull fractures at different point

25
Q

What are sutures?

A

Hold bits of skull together, allow for all the different moves to move over each other

26
Q

What are CT scans useful for?

A

Bony injuries

27
Q

What are MRI scans useful for?

A

Soft tissue damage

28
Q

What is a basal skull fracture?

A

Generally occipital or temporal trauma

Only high impact injuries

29
Q

What is the CSF rhinorrhoea?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid, hole between nose and brain

30
Q

What is Battle’s sign?

A

Mastoid process, bleeding causes bruising

31
Q

What is ‘Panda eyes’?

A

Or ‘racoon eyes’- blackened and bruised areas around eyes, blood leaking out of the brain

32
Q

What are effects of basal skull fracture?

A

CSF rhinorrhoea
Battle’s sign
Panda/ racoon eyes

33
Q

What is cerebral contusion?

A

A form of traumatic brain injury, is a bruise of the brain tissue. Like bruises in other tissues, cerebral contusion can be associated with multiple microhemorrhages, small blood vessel leaks into brain tissue. Contusion occurs in 20–30% of severe head injuries.

34
Q

What is stripped from the brain in cerebral contusion?

A

Pia (lining around the brain)

35
Q

What is the point of contact known as?

A

‘Coup’

36
Q

What is the opposite point of impact?

A

Contrecoup

37
Q

What is primary contact?

A

Being hit on the head

38
Q

What is secondary contact?

A

Whiplash

39
Q

What are the meninges?

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

40
Q

What types of intracranial haemorrhages are there?

A

Extradural haemorrhage
Subdural haemorrhage
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI)

41
Q

What is extradural haemorrhage?

A

Above the dura under the surface of the skull
>90% associated with hashtag esp. at pterion
Usually middle meningeal artery

42
Q

What are the effects of extradural haemorrhage?

A

Fine Initially have a lucid interval

A while after feel groggy, vomiting, takes time for dura to peel off skull

43
Q

What is subdural haemorrhage?

A

Above arachnoid but below the dura mater
Venous in origin
Tearing of superior cerebral vein

44
Q

Who is more likely to suffer from subdural haemorrhaging?

A

Alcoholics and the elderly more prone to subdural haemorrhage because of cerebral atrophy (peak IQ, greatest number of neurons late teens early 20s) older you get obtain cerebral atrophy, less nerves deteriorating

45
Q

Why are the elderly more likely to suffer from subdural haemorrhaging?

A

Old age, brain starts ti shrink. As brain starts to shrink, veins shrink

46
Q

Why are alcoholics more likely to suffer from subdural haemorrhaging?

A

Drink to much alcohol- kills brain and nerves, brain shrinks blood vessels grow

47
Q

What is subarachnoid haemorrhage?

A

Occurs in natural disease or injury
AV (arterial venous) malformation (bad connections between arteries and veins) or rupture of Berry aneurysm (abnormal dilation of artery causing it to burst)

48
Q

What is subarachnoid haemorrhaging associated with?

A

Trauma e.g. cranial fractures or cerebral lacerations
Internal carotid- linked to aorta
Carotid syphon- regulates blood pressure

49
Q

What is Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI)?

A

Diffuse brain injury without obvious lesion
Can’t diagnose until post-mortem
Can be unconscious straight away

50
Q

What causes Diffuse Axonal Injury?

A

Due to shearing rotational forces (grey matter- where neurons are and white matter- where pathways are) separation of grey and white matter, weak point

51
Q

How is DAI diagnosed?

A

Microscopic diagnosis

52
Q

What is the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)?

A

Conscious Scale

53
Q

How is the GCS marked?

A

Out of 15
Eye opening (4)- responsive/ unresponsive
Verbal response (5)- coherent
Motor response (6)- movement
Get 1 for no response- dead have 3 out of 15

Forensic BioScience (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions