TP final

Question 1

4 steps of the traditional four׳tep process

Answer 1

Trip Generation, Trip Distribution, Mode Split, Traffic Asssignment; (draw the diagram if time permits)

Question 2

major pollutants emitted by automobiles and how are these emitted?

Answer 2

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Carbon monoxide (CO), Particulates (PM10) emitted by exaust, Volatile Organic\nCompounds (VOCs) emitted by evaporative emissions

Question 3

Two simulation models available for air quality analysis? Base premise? Who developed them?

Answer 3

emission models ֠computes HC, CO, and NO emissions for different vehicle types in low/high altitude and california, developed by EPA ; dispersion models ֠computes concentration of pollutants in atmosphere, developed by UCגiverside

Question 4

factors that have an affect on vehicle emission rates (from Table 7.11)

Answer 4

Vehicle parameters, fuel parameters, environmental factors, vehicle operating conditions

Question 5

methods identified to reduce emissions?

Answer 5

lower VMT (connectivity, centrally focused, no high speed peripheral routes), optimize operations (keep speeds between 15 and 45 mph, minimize speed changes, minimize idle)

Question 6

3 sources of noises associated with automobiles and how can they be reduced?

Answer 6

wind shear, engine & mechanical parts, tire/pavement friction, can be reduced by source, path, and receiver

Question 7

several ways for automobile noise to reach from the vehicle to the residences nearby, what are these ways?

Answer 7

direct, reflected, diffracted, transmitted

Question 8

primary effects of noise?

Answer 8

auditory effects (hearing loss, speech interference), physiological/sociological effects (annoyance, sleep interference), socioץconomic effects (land value reduction)

Question 9

project evaluation

Answer 9

process of determining the desirability of different courses of action and of presenting this information to decision makers in a comprehensive and useful form

Question 10

What are the characteristics of an effective evaluation procedure? (8 listed pp. 486ִ88)

Answer 10

1. Focus on the decisions being faced by decision makers\n2. Relate the consequences of alternatives to goals and objectives\n3. Determine how different groups are affected by transportation proposals\n4. Be sensitive to the time frame in which project impacts are likely to occur \n5. In the case of regional transportation planning, produce information on the likely impacts of alternatives at a level of aggregation that permits varying levels of assessment\n6. Analyze the implementation requirements of each\nalternative\n7. Assess the financial feasibility of the actions\nrecommended in the plan\n8. Provide information to decision makers on the value of alternatives in a readily understandable form and in a timely fashion

Question 11

6 general characteristics of benefits and costs?

Answer 11

Real and pecuniary impacts, direct and indirect benefits & costs, tangible or intangible impacts, internal/external benefits & costs, user and nonuser benefits & costs, total and incremental costs & benefits

Question 12

6 social costs of transportation?

Answer 12

1אersonal non monetary costs of using motor vehicles, 2ץxplicitly priced private sector motor vehicle goods and services, net of producer surplus, taxes and fees, 3֓BundledԠprivate sector goods (implicitly priced), 4ׇovernment services charged partly to motor vehicles users (annual fees), 5׍onetary externalities (travel delay), 6׎on׭onetary externalities (pollution)

Question 13

explain the framework for evaluation. (Sec. 8.3)?

Answer 13

A hierarchy of benefits and costs commonly considered as part of a transportation planning process

Question 14

explain the cost effectiveness evaluation ֠why is this method useful? (Sec. 8.4)

Answer 14

estimates the level of goals and objectives attainment per dollar of net expenditure, captures as much as possible all of the benefits associated with a project

Question 15

explain the four methods of singleׯbjective assessment. (Sec. 8.6.1)

Answer 15

Present worth֠discount costs and benefits to get present value and compare\nAnnual worth֠determine the discounted annual equivalent benefits and costs for each alternative and compare annualized values\nBenefit/cost֠separate costs from benefits and compare equivalent annual (or present) values for each ֠calculate B/C ratio\nReturnׯnשnvestment֠find the interest rate that balances present and future cash flows and

Question 16

What are the characteristics of a programming process and the considerations for such a process? (Sec. 9.1)

Answer 16

resource availability, resource distribution, staging of projects over time

Question 17

What is a TIP?

Answer 17

transportation improvement plan

Question 18

How often must a TIP be updated?

Answer 18

at least every 2 years

Question 19

What recent federal regulations have been provided for the TIP?

Answer 19

1975 required each urbanized area to have a TIP

Question 20

Transportation and Land Development Cycle ֠explain this process.

Answer 20

The construction of new arterial streets, or major reconstruction of an existing thoroughfare, modifies the accessibility of an area; this, in turn, leads to development and increased traffic demands.

Question 21

describe the basic approaches to provide information on project priorities: goal achievement

Answer 21

Identifies objectives that are important to a region and subsequently links project priorities to goals achievement

Question 22

describe the basic approaches to provide information on project priorities: numerical ratings

Answer 22

B/C analysis\nNet present worth\nCost effectiveness\nBridge sufficiency ratings

Question 23

describe the basic approaches to provide information on project priorities: priority indexes

Answer 23

Most commonly used approach\nBased on measures of user benefit, environmental\nimpacts, safety, and current facility condition

Question 24

describe the basic approaches to provide information on project priorities: programming evaluation matrices

Answer 24

Similar to the evaluation matrix in Chapter 8, except that criteria relate to project priorities instead of project impacts

Question 25

describe the basic approaches to provide information on project priorities: multiׯbjective systems analysis techniques

Answer 25

Assessment of methods that results in an ԯptimalԠtime׳taged sequencing of projects over the investment period\nMost often uses linear programming designed to maximize discounted net benefits subject to a series of constraints\nNot generally used at metropolitan level for reasons outlined in the text

Question 26

Forces which influence the dynamics of land development

Answer 26

government policy, change in family income or transport system including LOS provided by the transport system

Question 27

Transportation planning vs. site planning

Answer 27

Identify major travel corridors and provide projections of the approximate volume of traffic within these corridors transportation planning cannot provide detail data such as turning volumes and peak hour volumes which are needed for actual physical facility design.

Question 28

Stratification of the planning process (4 levels). Where does site planning fit in?

Answer 28

Level 1 ֠infinite\nLevel 2 ֠20yr horizon\nLevel 3 ֠short range, 5 to 10 yrs (site planning)\nLevel 4 ֠individual public works projects and private developments

Question 29

Linear site planning and the benefits of a systems approach

Answer 29

building location and design, on׳ite parking & circulation, access location & design does not allow feedback or proper access design, systems approach involves engineer from the beginning

Question 30

Proposed development review process

Answer 30

Financial feasibility study, Siteװlan review, Traffic impact analysis (TIA)

Question 31

Purpose of a traffic impact analysis and the basic principles of access management

Answer 31

determine the need for any improvements to the adjacent and nearby\nroad system

Question 32

evaluation

Answer 32

process of determining the desirability of different courses of action and presenting to decision makers

Question 33

benefit

Answer 33

additions to a community’s welfare

Question 34

cost

Answer 34

diminished welfare of community or capital cost

Question 35

efficiency frontier

Answer 35

slope on costעenefit graph with highest value return

Question 36

programming

Answer 36

Դhe matching of available projects with available\nfunds to accomplish the goals of a given periodԍ