Toxins and Antitoxins

Question 1

Paracetamol (initial dose)

Answer 1

N-Acetylcystein (150mg/kg IV in 200ml 5% D/W over 5 min)

Question 2

Organophosphate (initial dose)

Answer 2

Atropine (1-2mg IV, doubling every 5 min)

Question 3

Anticholinergics (e.g. atropine)

Answer 3

Anticholinesterase (e.g physotigmine)

Question 4

B-blocker & CCB

Answer 4

Glucagon

Question 5

Barbiturates (e.g. phenobarbital)

Answer 5

Urine alkalinization, dialysis, activated charcoal

Question 6

Benzodiazepines

Answer 6

Flumazenil

Question 7

Carbon monoxide

Answer 7

hyperbaric or 100% O2

Question 8

Arsenic, gold, lead, copper

Answer 8

Penicillamine

Question 9

Cyanide

Answer 9

Nitrates

Question 10

Digitalis

Answer 10

Lignocaine (for Torsades)

Question 11

Heparin

Answer 11

Protamine Sulphate

Question 12

Iron

Answer 12

Deferoxamine

Question 13

INH

Answer 13

Pyridoxine

Question 14

Methemoglobin

Answer 14

Methylene blue

Question 15

Opioids

Answer 15

Naloxone

Question 16

Salicylate

Answer 16

Urine alkylinization, dialysis, activated charcoal

Question 17

Theophylline

Answer 17

Activated charcoal, b-blocker

Question 18

Warfarin

Answer 18

Vitamin K, FFP

Question 19

Black Widow bite

Answer 19

Calcium chloride, muscle relaxant

Question 20

Ethylene Glycol (antifreeze)

Answer 20

Pyridoxine, thiamine