Toxins and Antidotes/Treatments Flashcards
Toxin: Acetaminophen
Antidote: N-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutahione to inactivate NAPQI which is hepatotoxic)
Toxin: AChE inhibitors, organophosphates
Antidote: Atropine> pralidoxime(must be given early to save AChE)
Toxin: Amphetamines (basic)
Antidote: NH4Cl ammonium chloride, acidifies urine to increase excretion
Toxin: antimuscarinic, anticholinergic agents
Antidote: Physostigmine salicylate, control hyperthermia
Toxin: Benzodiazepines
Antidote: Flumazenil
Toxin: beta-blockers
Antidote: Glucagon -> increases cAMP via alternate pathway
Toxin: CO
Antidote: 100% O2, hyperbaric O2
Toxin: Copper, arsenic, gold
Antidote: penicillamine
Toxin: cyanide
Antidote: Nitrite + thiosulfate, hydroxocobalamin
Toxin: digitalis (digoxin)
Antidote: Anti-dig Fab fragments
Toxin: heparin
Antidote: protamine sulfate
Toxin: iron
Antidote: deferoxamine, deferasirox
Toxin: lead
Antidote: EDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, penicillamine
Toxin: mercury, arsenic, gold
Antidote: dimercaprol, succimer
Toxin: methanol, ethylene glycol (anti-freeze)
Antidote: Fomepizole>ethanol
Toxin: methanol, ethylene glycol (anti-freeze)
Antidote: Fomepizole>ethanol (competitive action at Alcohol dehydrogenase), dialysis
Toxin: methemoglobin (blue baby with brown blood)
Antidote: methylene blue, vitamin C –> Fe3+–>Fe2+
Toxin: opiods
Antidote: Naloxone, naltrexone
Toxin: salicylates
Antidote: NaHCO3 (alkalinize urine), dialysis
Toxin: TCAs
Antidote: NaHCO3 (plasma alkalinization)
Toxin: tPA, streptokinase, urokinase
Antidote: aminocaproid acid
Toxin: warfrin
Antidote: FFP (immediate since has active clotting factors), vitamin K (delayed effect)
