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Pharmacology > Toxins and Antidotes/Treatments > Flashcards

Toxins and Antidotes/Treatments Flashcards

1
Q

Toxin: Acetaminophen

A

Antidote: N-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutahione to inactivate NAPQI which is hepatotoxic)

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2
Q

Toxin: AChE inhibitors, organophosphates

A

Antidote: Atropine> pralidoxime(must be given early to save AChE)

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3
Q

Toxin: Amphetamines (basic)

A

Antidote: NH4Cl ammonium chloride, acidifies urine to increase excretion

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4
Q

Toxin: antimuscarinic, anticholinergic agents

A

Antidote: Physostigmine salicylate, control hyperthermia

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5
Q

Toxin: Benzodiazepines

A

Antidote: Flumazenil

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6
Q

Toxin: beta-blockers

A

Antidote: Glucagon -> increases cAMP via alternate pathway

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7
Q

Toxin: CO

A

Antidote: 100% O2, hyperbaric O2

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8
Q

Toxin: Copper, arsenic, gold

A

Antidote: penicillamine

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9
Q

Toxin: cyanide

A

Antidote: Nitrite + thiosulfate, hydroxocobalamin

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10
Q

Toxin: digitalis (digoxin)

A

Antidote: Anti-dig Fab fragments

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11
Q

Toxin: heparin

A

Antidote: protamine sulfate

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12
Q

Toxin: iron

A

Antidote: deferoxamine, deferasirox

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13
Q

Toxin: lead

A

Antidote: EDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, penicillamine

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14
Q

Toxin: mercury, arsenic, gold

A

Antidote: dimercaprol, succimer

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15
Q

Toxin: methanol, ethylene glycol (anti-freeze)

A

Antidote: Fomepizole>ethanol

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16
Q

Toxin: methanol, ethylene glycol (anti-freeze)

A

Antidote: Fomepizole>ethanol (competitive action at Alcohol dehydrogenase), dialysis

17
Q

Toxin: methemoglobin (blue baby with brown blood)

A

Antidote: methylene blue, vitamin C –> Fe3+–>Fe2+

18
Q

Toxin: opiods

A

Antidote: Naloxone, naltrexone

19
Q

Toxin: salicylates

A

Antidote: NaHCO3 (alkalinize urine), dialysis

20
Q

Toxin: TCAs

A

Antidote: NaHCO3 (plasma alkalinization)

21
Q

Toxin: tPA, streptokinase, urokinase

A

Antidote: aminocaproid acid

22
Q

Toxin: warfrin

A

Antidote: FFP (immediate since has active clotting factors), vitamin K (delayed effect)

Pharmacology (19 decks)

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