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Pharmacology > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

1
Q

What is the half life equation?

A

T1/2=0.7Vd/CL and t1/2=0.7/Ke

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2
Q

What is the loading dose equation? What is the maintenance dose equation?

A

Loading dose=Cp*Vd/F Maintenance dose=Cp*CL*tau/F

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3
Q

Which drugs have 0-order elimination?

A

Phenytoin, ethanol, aspirin - Cp decreases per time

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4
Q

What are examples of weak acid drugs and what is the antidote?

A

Examples: phenobarbital, MTX, aspirin, TCAs Antidote: bicarbonate

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5
Q

What is an example of a weak base drug and what is the antidote?

A

Amphetamines and the antidote is ammonium chloride

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6
Q

Drug efficacy is measured by what?

A

Vmax

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7
Q

How is volume of distribution calculated?

A

Vd=F*(dose of drug given)/plasma drug concentration

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8
Q

How is potency measured?

A

Lower EC50 correlates with higher potency - less drug needed for same effect

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9
Q

How do competitive antagonists change potency and efficacy?

A

Decreases potency and no change in efficacy

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10
Q

How does a noncompetitive antagonist affect potency and efficacy?

A

Decreases efficacy and cannot be overcome by adding substrate

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11
Q

What is the therapeutic index?

A

Therapeutic index= TD50/ED50= median toxic dose/ median effective dose

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12
Q

What kind of receptors are nicotinic and muscarinic receptors and where are they located?

A

Nicotinic receptors - Ligand ACh gated Na/K channel found at all post synapses from initial neuron. Muscarinic receptors - ACh Gcoupled receptors located in parasympathetic post ganglionic cardiac, smooth muscle, gland cells and nerve terminals and sympathetic post ganglionic sweat glands

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13
Q

alpha1 receptors: what is the Gprotein class? What are the major functions it is involved with?

A

G protein class: Gq; Major functions: Sympathetic NS. Increases vascular smooth muscle contraction (increases BP) , increase pupillary dilator muscle contraction (mydriasis- dilated pupils), increases intestinal and bladder sphincter muscle contraction (prevents peeing and pooping)

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14
Q

alpha2 receptors: what is the G protein class? What are the major functions involved?

A

Gi protein; Functions: Sympathetic NS. decrease sympathetic outflow (negative feedback fxn), decrease insulin release, decrease lipolysis, decrease aqueous humor production, increase platelet aggregation

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15
Q

beta1 receptors: G-protein class? Major functions involved?

A

Gs protein; Functions: Sympathetic NS. increases heart rate and contractility (chronotropic and ionotropic) increases renin release (increases BP), increase lipolysis

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16
Q

Beta2 receptors: G-protein class? Major functions involved?

A

Gs protein; Functions: Sympathetic NS. vasodilation, bronchodilation, increase lipolysis and insulin release (to lesser degree than alpha2 decreasing lipolysis and insulin so there is a net decrease) decrease uterine tone (tocolysis), ciliary muscle relaxation (increases intraocular presssure), increase aqueous humor production

17
Q

M1 receptor: G-protein class? Major functions involved?

A

Gq protein Functions: Parasympathetic - CNS and enteric nervous system

18
Q

M2 receptor: G-protein class? Major functions involved?

A

Gi Functions: Parasympathetic NS. decreases HR and contractility of atria (inhibition of atrial nodal area)

19
Q

M3 receptor: G-protein class? Major functions involved?

A

Gq Functions: Parasympathetic NS. increases exocrine gland secretions (lacrimal, salivary, gastric acid), increase gut peristalsis, increase bladder contraction (pee!), bronchoconstriction, increase pupillary sphincter muscle contraction (miosis), increase ciliary muscle contraction (accomodation)

20
Q

M3 receptor: G-protein class? Major functions involved?

A

Gq Functions: Parasympathetic NS. increases exocrine gland secretions (lacrimal, salivary, gastric acid), increase gut peristalsis, increase bladder contraction (pee!), bronchoconstriction, increase pupillary sphincter muscle contraction (miosis), increase ciliary muscle contraction (accommodation)

21
Q

D1 receptor: G-protein class? Major functions involved?

A

Gs Functions: Dopamine receptor. relaxes renal vascular smooth muscle -> allows for increased renal perfusion

22
Q

D2 receptor: G-protein class? Major functions involved?

A

Gi Functions: Dopamine receptor. Modulates NT release, especially in the brain

23
Q

H1 receptor: G-protein class? Major functions involved?

A

Gq Function: histamine receptor. “Allergy symptoms” Increases nasal and bronchial mucus production, increases vascular permeability, bronchiole constriction, pruritus, pain

24
Q

H2 receptor: G-protein class? Major functions involved?

A

Gs Function: histamine receptor. Increases gastric acid secretion from parietal cells

25
Q

V1 receptor: G-protein class? Major functions involved?

A

Gq Vasopressin (ADH) receptor. Increases vascular smooth muscle contraction (increase BP)

26
Q

V2 receptor: G-protein class? Major functions involved?

A

Gs Vasopressin (ADH) receptor. Increases water permeability and reabsorption in collecting tubules of kidney (“V2 is found in the 2 kidneys”)

27
Q

What induces cytochrome P-450?

A

Chronic alcohol use

St. John’s wort

Phenytoin

Phenobarbital

Nevirapine

Rifampin

Griseofulvin

Carbamazepine

“Chronic alcoholics Steal Phen-Phen and Never Refuse Greasy Carbs”

28
Q

What are substrates of cytochrome P450?

A

Anti-epileptics, Theophylline, Warfarin, OCPs

29
Q

What are inhibitors of cytochrome P450?

A

Acute alcohol abuse

Ritonavir

Amiodarone

Cimetidine

Ketoconazole

Sulfonamides

Isoniazid (INH)

Grapefruit juice

Quinidine

Macrolides (EXCEPT Azithromycin)

“AAA RACKS IN GQ Magazine

30
Q

Which drugs are sulfa drugs? What are symptoms of sulfa allergies?

A

Probenecid

Furosemide

Acetazolamide

Celecoxib

Thiazides

Sulfonamide antibiotics

Sulfasalazine

Sulfonylureas

“Popular FACTSSS”

sulfa allergy symptoms: fever, UTI, Stevens- Johnson syndrome, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, urticaria (hives)

Pharmacology (19 decks)

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