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Pharmacology > Toxins > Flashcards

Toxins Flashcards

1
Q

Fomepizole

  • IND
  • MOA
A
  • IND
    • Treat MeOH or Ethylene Glycol tox
  • MOA
    • Competitive inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase
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2
Q

What are the uses of Dimercaprol?

A

“American GM Car”

  • Treat toxicity of
    • Arsenic
    • Gold
    • Mercury
    • Copper
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3
Q

What are the symptoms of pesticide exposure?

A

1 cause of death: Respiratory Failure

SLUDGE

  • Salivation
  • Lacrimation
  • Urination
  • Defecation
  • GI
  • Emesis
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4
Q

What are the syptoms of organophosphate poisoning?

A

“DUMBBELSS”

  • Diarrhea
  • Urinary incontinence
  • Miosis
  • Bronchospasm
  • Bradycardia and decreased BP
  • Excitation (Behavior)
    • Convulsions
  • Lacrimation
  • Salivation
  • Sweating
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5
Q

Cyanide Toxicity

  • MOA
  • Signs & Symptoms
  • Treatment
A
  • MOA
    • (-) cytochome C in mitochondria
  • Signs & Symptoms
    • Almond (bitter) smell
    • Signs of decreased O2/ATP
      • Increased Resp
      • Headache
      • Dizziness
      • Weakness
  • Treatment
    • Hydroxycobalamin
    • Lilly kit
      • Nitrites => MetHb => Cyan-MetHb
      • Thiosulfate => Thiocyanate
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6
Q

Active ingredients of Round-Up and symptoms of exposure

A
  • Ingredients
    • Glyphosate
    • POEA
  • Symptoms
    • GI corrosive
    • Metabolic acidosis
    • Renal failure
    • Arrhythmias
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7
Q

Lead Toxicity

  • Signs & Symptoms
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment
A
  • Signs & Symptoms
    • Colicky abdominal pain
    • Peripheral neuropathy
    • Blue line on gums
    • Anemia
  • Diagnosis
    • Dark granules in RBCs
    • Dense lines in bone
  • Treatment
    • Ca edetate (chelation)
    • Succimer
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8
Q

Metal Phosphide

  • MOA
  • Signs & Symptoms
  • Treatment
A
  • MOA
    • Phosphide + stomach acid => phosphine gas
  • Signs & Symptoms
    • LUNGS
      • cough
      • chest tightness
      • Pulm edema
  • Treatment
    • IPACAC (anti emetic)
    • Activated charcoal
    • Stomach lavage
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9
Q

What are the effects of naltrexone in ethanol withdrawal?

A

Decreases craving

Blocks reinforcing effects

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10
Q

Acetaminophen Toxicity

  • Signs & Symptoms
  • Treatment
A
  • Signs & Symptoms
    • Jaundice (increased bilirubin)
    • Liver tox
      • R upper quadrant pain
      • Increased transaminases
    • Hepatic encephalopathy
  • Treatment
    • Charcoal (30 min - 2 hrs)
    • Lavage (60 min)
    • N-acetyl cyesteine (w/i 8hrs)
      • forms glutathione
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11
Q

Elemental Mercury Toxicity Treatment

A
  • Dimercaprol
  • N-acetyl cysteine
  • Succimer

***Chelation contraindicated

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12
Q

Acetylsalicylic Acid Tox

  • Signs & Symptoms
  • Treatment
A
  • Signs & Symptoms
    • Tinnitis
    • Metabolic acidosis
    • GI bleed
  • Treatment
    • Charcoal (30min - 2hrs)
    • Lavage (60 min)
    • Alkaline diuresis (NaCO3)
    • Acetazolamide
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13
Q

Arsenic

  • MOA
  • Signs & Symptoms
  • Treatment
A
  • MOA
    • Binds -SH
    • Changes protein configuration
  • Signs & Symptoms
    • Garlic breath
    • Mee’s lines (on nails)
    • Hyperpigmentation
    • Black foot disease
  • Treatment
    • Dimercaprol
    • Succimer
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14
Q

Iron Toxicity

  • MOA
  • Signs & Symptoms
  • Treatment
A
  • MOA
    • Oxygen free radicals
  • Signs & Symptoms
    • GI bleed
    • Metabolic acidosis
    • Pallor/cyanosis
    • Deferoxamine challenge test
      • “Vin rose” color (orange - red)
  • Treatment
    • Lavage
    • Deferoxamine until negative
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15
Q

Strychnine

  • MOA
  • Signs & Symptoms
  • Treatment
A
  • MOA
    • Blocks glycine receptors in spinal cord
  • Signs & Symptoms
    • Muscle convulsion
      • suffocation
  • Treatment
    • Activated charcoal
    • Gastric lavage
    • Anti convulsant
    • Muscle relaxant
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16
Q

Ozone Toxicity

  • MOA
  • Signs & Symptoms
  • Treatment
A
  • MOA
    • Generates ROIs
  • Signs & Symptoms
    • Eye irritation
    • Lung irritation
    • Atherosclerotic plaques
  • Treatment
    • Symptomatic
17
Q

Drugs that facilitate Alcohol withdrawal

A

Makes quitting “NOT BAD”

  • Naltrexon
  • Ondansetron
  • Topiramate
  • Benzodiazepine
  • Acamprosate
  • Disulfiram
18
Q

Effects of Ondansetron on Ethanol withdrawal

A
  • Serotonin receptor antagonist
    • Decreases alcohol’s effect
    • Decreases craving
19
Q

Effects of Acamprosate on Ethanol withdrawal

A
  • IND
    • Maintain Ethanol abstinence
  • Actions
    • CNS actions similar to alcohol
    • Reduces unpleasant feelings of abstinence
    • No alcohol aversion
20
Q

Effects of Topiramate on Ethanol withdrawal

A
  • Serotonin receptor antagonist
    • decreases alcohol effect
    • decreases craving
21
Q

Effects of Benzodiazepines on Ethanol withdrawal

A
  • Facilitate withdrawal
  • Enhance GABA
    • Sedative
    • MM relaxant
    • Anti-convulsant
22
Q

Effects of Disulfiram on Ethanol withdrawal

A
  • Maintain abstinence
  • MOA:
    • (-) Alcohol dehydrogenase
    • Cause Acetaldehyde syndrome

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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