Toxidromes and withdrawal

Question 1

5 types of toxidromes
Antidotes to each type

Answer 1

Question 2

Serotonin syndrome

Causes

Answer 2

Question 3

Serotonin syndrome

S/S
Criteria

Answer 3

• Rapid onset, occurs within 24h of insult (c.f. NMS is insidious onset)
• Cognitive: Headache, Agitation, Hypomania, Confusion, Hallucinations, Coma
• Autonomic: Shivering, Sweating, Hyperthermia, Vasoconstriction, Tachycardia, Nausea, Diarrhoea, Mydriasis
• Motor: Myoclonus (Ankle Clonus), Hyperreflexia, Babinski’s sign, Tremour, Rigidity

Question 3

Serotonin syndrome

Management

Answer 3

Question 4

Serotonin syndrome

Complications

Answer 4

Complications of SS
- Rhabdomyolysis, Metabolic acidosis, Renal failure- Seizure- Hypotension- DIC

Question 5

SS vs NMS

Answer 5

Question 6

NMS

Causes
Presentation

Answer 6

Question 7

NMS

Management
Ddx

Answer 7

Question 8

NMS vs Malignant hyperthermia

Answer 8

Question 9

BDZ Toxidrome

Clinical presentation
Mx

Answer 9

Question 10

BDZ withdrawal

Answer 10

Question 11

Opioid withdrawal management

Answer 11

Question 12

Opioid toxidrome

SS
Mx

Answer 12

Commonly abused opioids- Natural opioids: Morphine, Codeine- Semi-synthetic opioids: Heroin, DXM (Dextromethorphan), Buprenorphine- Synthetic opioids: Methadone, Pethidine, Tramadol, Fentanyl, Propoxyphene

Question 13

Anticholinergic toxidrome

Presentation
Mx

Answer 13

Question 14

Anticholinergic toxidrome

Causes

Answer 14

Question 15

Ketamine toxicity

Ss

Answer 15

Question 16

Cocaine

MoA
SS

Answer 16

Question 17

Sympathomimetic syndrome

Mx

Answer 17