Toxicology Exam I Crossword Key

Question 1

Specific carbamate for which 2-PAM therapy is contraindicated:

Answer 1

carbaryl

Question 2

Naphthalene causes this kind of damage to RBCs:

Answer 2

oxidative

Question 3

Stimulation of this by nicotine can cause self-decontamination:

Answer 3

crtz

Question 4

IV ________ therapy is sometimes used to treat highly lipophilic toxins

Answer 4

lipid

Question 5

Piscicide that targets cellular metabolism:

Answer 5

rotenone

Question 6

Rapid paralysis of insects by the action of pyrethrins on neuronal sodium channels:

Answer 6

knockdown

Question 7

Acidificaton of the urine can __________ excretion of nicotine

Answer 7

increase

Question 8

Treats severe muscle tremors in pyrethrin toxicity:

Answer 8

methocarbamol

Question 9

The Half-life of ivermectin is ________ than that of amitraz

Answer 9

longer

Question 10

Specific antagonist for Amitraz toxicity:

Answer 10

atipamazole

Question 11

Dose repeatedly if a toxin is known to undergo enterohepatic recycling:

Answer 11

activated charcoal

Question 12

Where most ivermectin is excreted intact:

Answer 12

feces

Question 13

This happens to organochlorines in fat animals:

Answer 13

redistribution

Question 14

Protein responsible for keeping ivermectin out of the CNS:

Answer 14

p-glycoprotein

Question 15

Suspected to be part of D-limonene’s mechanism of action:

Answer 15

hypotension

Question 16

Contraindicated if significant CNS depression or seizures present:

Answer 16

emesis

Question 17

Organophosphate bond to AChE, different from carbamates

Answer 17

irreversible

Question 18

Toxin with a very rapid onset that could be enhanced by concurrent antacid therapy:

Answer 18

nicotine

Question 19

Onset and duration of carbamate toxicity is usually __________ than organophosphate:

Answer 19

faster

Question 20

Naphthalene mothballs do it in salt water:

Answer 20

float

Question 21

Used in treatment of both organophosphate and carbamate toxicity

Answer 21

atropine

Question 22

Channels that organochlorines target:

Answer 22

sodium

Question 23

Species most sensitive to pyrethrins:

Answer 23

fish

Question 24

Inhibitory neurotransmitter that accounts for some of the toxicity with ivermectin:

Answer 24

GABA

Question 25

CNS _______ is a common presenting sign of amitraz toxicity

Answer 25

depression

Question 26

Perhaps the most prominent sign with pyrethrin toxicity:

Answer 26

tremors

Question 27

Can occur during aggressive treatment of pyrethrin toxicity and prolong clinical signs:

Answer 27

**hypothermia**

Question 28

Very high lipophilicity of DDT has led to this in the food chain:

Answer 28

**bioaccumulation**

Question 29

Organochlorine toxicity usually causes __________ of the CNS

Answer 29

stimulation

Question 30

Clinically found in cats with naphthalene toxicity:

Answer 30

methemoglobin

Question 31

Nicotine, organophosphates and carbamates allmimic exaggerated amounts of this neurotransmitter:

Answer 31

acetylcholine

Question 32

Free hemoglobin poses a risk of damage to these:

Answer 32

Kidneys

Question 33

These pyrethroids are more potent insecticides because of their alpha-cyano group:

Answer 33

type 2

Question 34

Can greatly enhance the absorption of rotenone:

Answer 34

oils

Question 35

Increases the skin absorption of some pyrethroids (like fenvalerate):

Answer 35

DEET

Question 36

A common feature of organochlorine toxicosis:

Answer 36

seizures

Question 37

Pyrethrins and pyrethroids are relatively\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in air and light

Answer 37

unstable

Question 38

Rotenone metabolites in mammals are this, different from fish and insects

Answer 38

nontoxic

Question 39

Presence of organochlorine residues in this tissue confirms exposure but not toxicity

Answer 39

fat

Question 40

With organophosphates this kind of polyneuropathy is sometimes seen

Answer 40

delayed

Question 41

Flower extract that can be used as an insecticide:

Answer 41

pyrethrum

Question 42

Receptors first affected by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors:

Answer 42

muscarinic

Question 43

With nicotine toxicity a __________ urine pH will reduce excretion

Answer 43

high

Question 44

D-limonene is frequently used in shampoos that repel or treat this parasite:

Answer 44

flea

Question 45

Fenthion is an example of an organophosphate that requires this for toxicity

Answer 45

bioactivation

Question 46

Dichlorvos is unique among OPs in that it can do this in fat:

Answer 46

sequester

Question 47

Late stages and ultimate death with OP and Carbamate toxicity results from this occurring at nicotinic receptors:

Answer 47

blockade

Question 48

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis has rarely been reported with this product:

Answer 48

D-limonene

Question 49

If a cat presents with acute toxicity consisting of CNS depression, hypotension and a wet oily spot on their back you may not be surprised if the spot smells like this:

Answer 49

citrus

Question 50

A RBC morphology that indicates oxidative stress and can be seen in naphthalene toxicity:

Answer 50

heinz body

Question 51

Generally more toxic by inhalation than by ingestion:

Answer 51

rotenone

Question 52

Piperonyl butoxide is often added topyrethroids to do this to their metabolism

Answer 52

slow

Question 53

Most sensitive to organochlorine toxicity

Answer 53

cat

Question 54

An excitatory neurotoxin indogs and cats for which the mechanism of action has not been determined:

Answer 54

DEET

Question 55

Organophosphates may undergo storage __________ but carbamates do not

Answer 55

activation

Question 56

Onset of signs after toxic nicotine exposure

Answer 56

rapid

Question 57

P-glycoprotein acts as this kind of pump to keep ivermectin out of the CNS:

Answer 57

efflux

Question 58

Sometimes seen in amitraz toxicity due to the toxin's effects on insulin:

Answer 58

hyperglycemia

Question 59

Inappropriate use of canine products on felines is a common cause for this toxicity

Answer 59

pyrethroid

Question 60

Slowing Na⁺ efflux and K⁺ influx leading to partial depolarization of nerves is the main mechanism of action of what toxin group?

Answer 60

organochlorine

Question 61

Enterohepatic recycling is significant in organochlorine toxicity because of this feature of the toxin:

Answer 61

lipophilicity

Question 62

Carbamate bond to AChE which is part of the reason 2-PAM is less effective:

Answer 62

reversible

Question 63

Unlike OP toxicity in other animals, in ruminants you may see CNS \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 63

depression

Question 64

A more potent way to be exposed to rotenone:

Answer 64

inhalation

Question 65

A metabolite of DDT is o,p-DDD (mitotane) which can affect this gland:

Answer 65

adrenal

Question 66

Functional adaptation and receptor down-regulation can account for this seen in some chronic OP exposures:

Answer 66

tolerance

Question 67

Decontamination therapy for d-limonene exposureusually will involve this:

Answer 67

bathing

Question 68

Has a very long half-life (years) in soil:

Answer 68

DDT

Question 69

Organophosphates that require lethal synthesis are generally **(more/less)** toxic to very young animals

Answer 69

less

Question 70

Minimum number of mothballs that could cause toxicity to a 6.5kg dog if ingested:

Answer 70

**one**