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RUSVM Toxicology > Toxicology Exam I Crossword Key > Flashcards

Toxicology Exam I Crossword Key Flashcards

1
Q

Specific carbamate for which 2-PAM therapy is contraindicated:

A

carbaryl

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2
Q

Naphthalene causes this kind of damage to RBCs:

A

oxidative

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3
Q

Stimulation of this by nicotine can cause self-decontamination:

A

crtz

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4
Q

IV ________ therapy is sometimes used to treat highly lipophilic toxins

A

lipid

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5
Q

Piscicide that targets cellular metabolism:

A

rotenone

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6
Q

Rapid paralysis of insects by the action of pyrethrins on neuronal sodium channels:

A

knockdown

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7
Q

Acidificaton of the urine can __________ excretion of nicotine

A

increase

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8
Q

Treats severe muscle tremors in pyrethrin toxicity:

A

methocarbamol

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9
Q

The Half-life of ivermectin is ________ than that of amitraz

A

longer

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10
Q

Specific antagonist for Amitraz toxicity:

A

atipamazole

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11
Q

Dose repeatedly if a toxin is known to undergo enterohepatic recycling:

A

activated charcoal

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12
Q

Where most ivermectin is excreted intact:

A

feces

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13
Q

This happens to organochlorines in fat animals:

A

redistribution

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14
Q

Protein responsible for keeping ivermectin out of the CNS:

A

p-glycoprotein

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15
Q

Suspected to be part of D-limonene’s mechanism of action:

A

hypotension

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16
Q

Contraindicated if significant CNS depression or seizures present:

A

emesis

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17
Q

Organophosphate bond to AChE, different from carbamates

A

irreversible

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18
Q

Toxin with a very rapid onset that could be enhanced by concurrent antacid therapy:

A

nicotine

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19
Q

Onset and duration of carbamate toxicity is usually __________ than organophosphate:

A

faster

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20
Q

Naphthalene mothballs do it in salt water:

A

float

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21
Q

Used in treatment of both organophosphate and carbamate toxicity

A

atropine

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22
Q

Channels that organochlorines target:

A

sodium

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23
Q

Species most sensitive to pyrethrins:

A

fish

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24
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitter that accounts for some of the toxicity with ivermectin:

A

GABA

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25
Q

CNS _______ is a common presenting sign of amitraz toxicity

A

depression

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26
Q

Perhaps the most prominent sign with pyrethrin toxicity:

A

tremors

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27
Q

Can occur during aggressive treatment of pyrethrin toxicity and prolong clinical signs:

A

hypothermia

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28
Q

Very high lipophilicity of DDT has led to this in the food chain:

A

bioaccumulation

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29
Q

Organochlorine toxicity usually causes __________ of the CNS

A

stimulation

30
Q

Clinically found in cats with naphthalene toxicity:

A

methemoglobin

31
Q

Nicotine, organophosphates and carbamates allmimic exaggerated amounts of this neurotransmitter:

A

acetylcholine

32
Q

Free hemoglobin poses a risk of damage to these:

A

Kidneys

33
Q

These pyrethroids are more potent insecticides because of their alpha-cyano group:

A

type 2

34
Q

Can greatly enhance the absorption of rotenone:

A

oils

35
Q

Increases the skin absorption of some pyrethroids (like fenvalerate):

A

DEET

36
Q

A common feature of organochlorine toxicosis:

A

seizures

37
Q

Pyrethrins and pyrethroids are relatively__________ in air and light

A

unstable

38
Q

Rotenone metabolites in mammals are this, different from fish and insects

A

nontoxic

39
Q

Presence of organochlorine residues in this tissue confirms exposure but not toxicity

A

fat

40
Q

With organophosphates this kind of polyneuropathy is sometimes seen

A

delayed

41
Q

Flower extract that can be used as an insecticide:

A

pyrethrum

42
Q

Receptors first affected by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors:

A

muscarinic

43
Q

With nicotine toxicity a __________ urine pH will reduce excretion

A

high

44
Q

D-limonene is frequently used in shampoos that repel or treat this parasite:

A

flea

45
Q

Fenthion is an example of an organophosphate that requires this for toxicity

A

bioactivation

46
Q

Dichlorvos is unique among OPs in that it can do this in fat:

A

sequester

47
Q

Late stages and ultimate death with OP and Carbamate toxicity results from this occurring at nicotinic receptors:

A

blockade

48
Q

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis has rarely been reported with this product:

A

D-limonene

49
Q

If a cat presents with acute toxicity consisting of CNS depression, hypotension and a wet oily spot on their back you may not be surprised if the spot smells like this:

A

citrus

50
Q

A RBC morphology that indicates oxidative stress and can be seen in naphthalene toxicity:

A

heinz body

51
Q

Generally more toxic by inhalation than by ingestion:

A

rotenone

52
Q

Piperonyl butoxide is often added topyrethroids to do this to their metabolism

A

slow

53
Q

Most sensitive to organochlorine toxicity

A

cat

54
Q

An excitatory neurotoxin indogs and cats for which the mechanism of action has not been determined:

A

DEET

55
Q

Organophosphates may undergo storage __________ but carbamates do not

A

activation

56
Q

Onset of signs after toxic nicotine exposure

A

rapid

57
Q

P-glycoprotein acts as this kind of pump to keep ivermectin out of the CNS:

A

efflux

58
Q

Sometimes seen in amitraz toxicity due to the toxin’s effects on insulin:

A

hyperglycemia

59
Q

Inappropriate use of canine products on felines is a common cause for this toxicity

A

pyrethroid

60
Q

Slowing Na+ efflux and K+ influx leading to partial depolarization of nerves is the main mechanism of action of what toxin group?

A

organochlorine

61
Q

Enterohepatic recycling is significant in organochlorine toxicity because of this feature of the toxin:

A

lipophilicity

62
Q

Carbamate bond to AChE which is part of the reason 2-PAM is less effective:

A

reversible

63
Q

Unlike OP toxicity in other animals, in ruminants you may see CNS __________

A

depression

64
Q

A more potent way to be exposed to rotenone:

A

inhalation

65
Q

A metabolite of DDT is o,p-DDD (mitotane) which can affect this gland:

A

adrenal

66
Q

Functional adaptation and receptor down-regulation can account for this seen in some chronic OP exposures:

A

tolerance

67
Q

Decontamination therapy for d-limonene exposureusually will involve this:

A

bathing

68
Q

Has a very long half-life (years) in soil:

A

DDT

69
Q

Organophosphates that require lethal synthesis are generally (more/less) toxic to very young animals

A

less

70
Q

Minimum number of mothballs that could cause toxicity to a 6.5kg dog if ingested:

A

one

RUSVM Toxicology (6 decks)

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