Toxicology Exam I Crossword Key Flashcards
Specific carbamate for which 2-PAM therapy is contraindicated:
carbaryl
Naphthalene causes this kind of damage to RBCs:
oxidative
Stimulation of this by nicotine can cause self-decontamination:
crtz
IV ________ therapy is sometimes used to treat highly lipophilic toxins
lipid
Piscicide that targets cellular metabolism:
rotenone
Rapid paralysis of insects by the action of pyrethrins on neuronal sodium channels:
knockdown
Acidificaton of the urine can __________ excretion of nicotine
increase
Treats severe muscle tremors in pyrethrin toxicity:
methocarbamol
The Half-life of ivermectin is ________ than that of amitraz
longer
Specific antagonist for Amitraz toxicity:
atipamazole
Dose repeatedly if a toxin is known to undergo enterohepatic recycling:
activated charcoal
Where most ivermectin is excreted intact:
feces
This happens to organochlorines in fat animals:
redistribution
Protein responsible for keeping ivermectin out of the CNS:
p-glycoprotein
Suspected to be part of D-limonene’s mechanism of action:
hypotension
Contraindicated if significant CNS depression or seizures present:
emesis
Organophosphate bond to AChE, different from carbamates
irreversible
Toxin with a very rapid onset that could be enhanced by concurrent antacid therapy:
nicotine
Onset and duration of carbamate toxicity is usually __________ than organophosphate:
faster
Naphthalene mothballs do it in salt water:
float
Used in treatment of both organophosphate and carbamate toxicity
atropine
Channels that organochlorines target:
sodium
Species most sensitive to pyrethrins:
fish
Inhibitory neurotransmitter that accounts for some of the toxicity with ivermectin:
GABA
CNS _______ is a common presenting sign of amitraz toxicity
depression
Perhaps the most prominent sign with pyrethrin toxicity:
tremors
Can occur during aggressive treatment of pyrethrin toxicity and prolong clinical signs:
hypothermia
Very high lipophilicity of DDT has led to this in the food chain:
bioaccumulation
Organochlorine toxicity usually causes __________ of the CNS
stimulation
Clinically found in cats with naphthalene toxicity:
methemoglobin
Nicotine, organophosphates and carbamates allmimic exaggerated amounts of this neurotransmitter:
acetylcholine
Free hemoglobin poses a risk of damage to these:
Kidneys
These pyrethroids are more potent insecticides because of their alpha-cyano group:
type 2
Can greatly enhance the absorption of rotenone:
oils
Increases the skin absorption of some pyrethroids (like fenvalerate):
DEET
A common feature of organochlorine toxicosis:
seizures
Pyrethrins and pyrethroids are relatively__________ in air and light
unstable
Rotenone metabolites in mammals are this, different from fish and insects
nontoxic
Presence of organochlorine residues in this tissue confirms exposure but not toxicity
fat
With organophosphates this kind of polyneuropathy is sometimes seen
delayed
Flower extract that can be used as an insecticide:
pyrethrum
Receptors first affected by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors:
muscarinic
With nicotine toxicity a __________ urine pH will reduce excretion
high
D-limonene is frequently used in shampoos that repel or treat this parasite:
flea
Fenthion is an example of an organophosphate that requires this for toxicity
bioactivation
Dichlorvos is unique among OPs in that it can do this in fat:
sequester
Late stages and ultimate death with OP and Carbamate toxicity results from this occurring at nicotinic receptors:
blockade
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis has rarely been reported with this product:
D-limonene
If a cat presents with acute toxicity consisting of CNS depression, hypotension and a wet oily spot on their back you may not be surprised if the spot smells like this:
citrus
A RBC morphology that indicates oxidative stress and can be seen in naphthalene toxicity:
heinz body
Generally more toxic by inhalation than by ingestion:
rotenone
Piperonyl butoxide is often added topyrethroids to do this to their metabolism
slow
Most sensitive to organochlorine toxicity
cat
An excitatory neurotoxin indogs and cats for which the mechanism of action has not been determined:
DEET
Organophosphates may undergo storage __________ but carbamates do not
activation
Onset of signs after toxic nicotine exposure
rapid
P-glycoprotein acts as this kind of pump to keep ivermectin out of the CNS:
efflux
Sometimes seen in amitraz toxicity due to the toxin’s effects on insulin:
hyperglycemia
Inappropriate use of canine products on felines is a common cause for this toxicity
pyrethroid
Slowing Na+ efflux and K+ influx leading to partial depolarization of nerves is the main mechanism of action of what toxin group?
organochlorine
Enterohepatic recycling is significant in organochlorine toxicity because of this feature of the toxin:
lipophilicity
Carbamate bond to AChE which is part of the reason 2-PAM is less effective:
reversible
Unlike OP toxicity in other animals, in ruminants you may see CNS __________
depression
A more potent way to be exposed to rotenone:
inhalation
A metabolite of DDT is o,p-DDD (mitotane) which can affect this gland:
adrenal
Functional adaptation and receptor down-regulation can account for this seen in some chronic OP exposures:
tolerance
Decontamination therapy for d-limonene exposureusually will involve this:
bathing
Has a very long half-life (years) in soil:
DDT
Organophosphates that require lethal synthesis are generally (more/less) toxic to very young animals
less
Minimum number of mothballs that could cause toxicity to a 6.5kg dog if ingested:
one
