Toxicology - Antihypertensives

Question 1

Calcium Channel Blockers - Effects

Answer 1

alert initially
elevated blood glucose

Question 2

Beta-Blockers - Effects

Answer 2

decreased mental status

Question 3

Alpha-2 Agonists - Effects

Answer 3

decreased mental status
small pupils

Question 4

Non-DHP CCB - Pathophyisiology

Answer 4

AV node suppression (negative inotrope)
sinus node depression (negative chronotrope)
vasodilation

Question 5

Beta-Blockers - Selective

Answer 5

bisoprolol
esmolol
atenolol
metoprolol

Question 6

Beta-Blockers - Vasodilating

Answer 6

betaxolol
carvedilol
labetalol
nebivolol

Question 7

Beta-Blockers - Membrane-Stabilizing

Answer 7

acebutolol
carvedilol
betaxolol
propranolol

Question 8

CCB & BB Overdose - Treatment

Answer 8

GI decontamination (charcoal, whole bowel irrigation)
isotonic crystalloids
atropine
calcium
high-dose insulin & glucose
vasopressors (epinephrine, norepinephrine)
inotropes (dobutamine, milrinone)
cardiac pacing
intralipid
ECMO

Question 9

Atropine - Dose

Answer 9

0.5 - 1 mg every 5 minutes x 3 doses

Question 10

Calcium - Dose

Answer 10

Chloride: 1-3 g IV
Gluconate: 3-9 g IV

Question 11

Insulin - Dose

Answer 11

1 units/kg bolus
1-10 units/kg/hr
glucose to maintain > 100 mg/dL

Question 12

Clonidine - Clinical Effects

Answer 12

transient hypertension & tachycardia
hypotension & bradycardia
CNS depression
respiratory depression

Question 13

Clonidine - Treatment

Answer 13

naloxone 5-10 mg bolus
supportive care (fluids, atropine, vasopressors)