Toxicology (and other terrifying events) Flashcards
A bacterial infection caused by Clostridium tetani and characterized by muscle spasms. Spasms typically begin in the jaw, and progress to the rest of the body.
Tetanus
A viral (lyssavirus) disease that causes encephalitis and hydrophobia. Differential symptoms include: violent movements, uncontrolled excitement, fear of water, an inability to move parts of the body, confusion, and loss of consciousness. Once symptoms appear, the result is virtually always death.
Rabies
All persons in a specific area present with the same symptoms at the same time.
Chemical exposure
Also known as rabbit fever, is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. Symptoms may include fever, skin ulcers, and enlarged lymph nodes.
Tularemia
An infection caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis typically occurs by contact with the skin, inhalation, or intestinal absorption. The skin form presents with a small blister with surrounding swelling, often becoming a painless ulcer with a black center. The inhalation form presents with fever, chest pain, and shortness of breath. The intestinal form presents with diarrhea, abdominal pains, nausea, and vomiting.
Anthrax
Toxidrome: Pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression, AMS
Opiate OD
Opiate OD antidote (trade & generic name, route, class, dose).
Narcan, naloxone, opioid receptor antagonist, IN/ IV/ IM, 0.4-2 mg up to 8 mg
A 5-year-old ingested an unknown amount of chewable vitamins for children. The child is alert and asymptomatic. Which are you most concerned about?
A. The child was nauseated and vomited once
B. The child has been treated several times for toxic substance ingestion
C. The vitamin that was ingested contains iron
D. The child has been treated multiple times for injuries caused by accidents
C. The vitamin that was ingested contains iron.
Iron is a toxic substance that can lead to massive hemorrhage, shock, coma, and kidney failure. Iron poisoning is one of the most common toxic ingestion and one of the most deadly among children. Failure to diagnose and treat iron poisoning can have serious consequences including multi-organ failure and death.
There are (2) treatments for cyanide exposure. Name (1)
Hydroxocobalamin or sodium thiosulfate
A vector-borne disease caused by Borrelia bacteria spread by ticks. Presents with an erythema migrans (EM) rash.
Lyme disease
Physostigmine
Anticholinergic OD
Symptomatic TCA overdose antidote
NaHCO3
Anticholinergic OD- Sx
AMS, hot, dry, flushed, mydriasis
Beta-blocker overdose antidote is:
Glucagon
A patient presents with ascending paralysis. You are concerned about what toxin?
Clostridium botulinum toxin (botulism)
The venom of this arachnoid is cytotoxic and hemolytic. The initial bite is painless but becomes increasingly painful. A blue discoloration forms after blister formation that progresses to necrosis and an ulcer formation.
Brown recluse spider
The venom of this arachnoid may result in systemic effects called latrodectism: severe muscle pain, abdominal cramps, vomiting, hyperhidrosis, and muscle rigidity.
Black widow
This snake’s venom is a, ____ -toxin which causes________.
Hemotoxin, coagulopathy
This snake’s venom is a, ____ -toxin which causes________.
Neuro, paralysis/ respiratory failure
