Pharming 101

Question 1

B-2 agonist commonly administered for bronchoconstriction (Trade and generic names).

Answer 1

Albuterol (salbutamol)

Question 2

Sympathomimetic with > beta agonist effects than alpha agonist effects commonly used for anaphylaxis.

Answer 2

Epinephrine

Question 3

Primarily alpha-1 effects (Trade & generic names) commonly used in septic shock.

Answer 3

norepinephrine (Levophed)

Question 4

Name (3) benzodiazepines common in prehospital care (Trade and generic names).

Answer 4

Lorazepam (Ativan), Diazepam (Valium), Midazolam (Versed)

Question 5

Anticholinergic commonly used for bronchoconstriction. No longer contraindicated with peanut/ soy allergies.

Answer 5

Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)

Question 6

Class IIb antiarrhythmic, Na channel blocker, commonly used in cardiac arrest and acute ventricular tachycardia rhythms.

Answer 6

Lidocaine

Question 7

Class III antiarrhythmic, Na, K, Ca channel blocker commonly used in tachycardic rhythms. May cause pulmonary toxicity.

Answer 7

Amiodarone

Question 8

This medication requires effective ventilation in order not to increase acidosis due to its components.

Answer 8

NaHCO3 breaks down into HCO3 + H20 + CO2. CO2 is an acid that must be blown off through effective ventilation to avoid increasing acidosis.

Question 9

Nebulized sodium bicarbonate is an option to treat:

Answer 9

Chemical injuries resulting from chlorine gas.

Question 10

An asthma patient is exhausted with steadily decreasing SpO2 and increasing EtCO2 not improving with medications. If available, the most appropriate medication to provide sedation:

Answer 10

Ketamine due to its bronchodilatory action.

Question 11

Your IFT pre-eclampsic patient is receiving MgSO4. During transport, on assessment you note her RR has decreased to 8 and she is lethargic. What medication should you prepare?

Answer 11

Calcium gluconate or chloride

The patient is presenting as a MgSO4 toxicity.

Question 12

What (2) populations are at greatest risk for medication toxicity?

Answer 12

children
older adults

These groups have decreased kidney function making it difficult for medications to be metabolized.

Question 13

Slows the conduction time through the A-V node, can interrupt the reentry pathways through the A-V node and can restore normal sinus rhythm in patients with SVT.

Answer 13

Adenosine

Question 14

Inhibits the muscarinic actions of acetylcholine.

First drug for symptomatic bradycardia (Class 1a) and poisoning from organophosphates/ nerve agents.

Answer 14

Atropine

Question 15

Used for:

Eclamptic Seizure
Preterm labor
Reactive Airway Disease

Answer 15

MgSO4

Question 16

Agents that inhibit the entry of calcium ions into heart muscle cells:

• slows the heart rate
• decreases oxygen demand
• relaxes smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels to cause dilation
  -used to prevent or treat angina pectoris, some arrhythmias, and hypertension

Answer 16

Calcium Channel Blockers

Question 17

Non- potassium sparring loop diuretic commonly used in CHF

Answer 17

Lasix (furosemide)

Question 18

Reverses benodiazepines
-can cause seizures if reversal is too rapid

Answer 18

Romazicon (flumazenil)

Question 19

Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker

Answer 19

Binds to ACh receptors depolarizing the membranes causing transient contractions and fasciculations,
Succinylcholine

Question 20

Define:
1-Chronotrope
2-Inotrope
3-Dromotrope

Answer 20

1-drugs that affect the heart rate
2-agent that alters the force of muscular contractions
3- drugs that affect the conduction speed in the AV node

Question 21

Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker
- action
-example

Answer 21

Competitively blocking nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the muscle end plate.

rocuronium (Zemuron), vecuronium, norcuronium (Norcuron), Pancuronium, mivacurium