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Clinical Chemistry 2 > TOXICOLOGY AND DRUG OF ABUSE > Flashcards

TOXICOLOGY AND DRUG OF ABUSE Flashcards

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1
Q

study of substances toxic to the body

A

toxicology

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2
Q

dose that would be predicted to produce a toxic response in 50% of the population

A

TD50

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3
Q

dose that would predict death in 50% of the population

A

LD50

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4
Q

dose that would be predicted as affective or has a therapeutic benefit in 50% of the population

A

ED50

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5
Q

Common CNS depressants which may cause disorientation, euphoria, confusion, and may progress to unconsciousness, paralysis and even death

A

Alcohol

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6
Q

Most common abused drug; a CNS depressant which causes diuresis by inhibiting ADH

A

Ethanol (Grain Alcohol)

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7
Q

Antidote for chronic intoxication of ethanol

A

diazepam

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8
Q

preferred method for ethanol

A

enzymatic using alcohol dehydrogenase reagent

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9
Q

commonly used solvent and a contaminant of homemade liquors. Converted to formaldehyde, and formic acid in the liver by alcohol dehydrogenase

A

methanol (wood alcohol)

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10
Q

preferred method for methanol

A

GC-MS

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11
Q

Rapidly absorbed by the GIT and is metabolized by hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase to acetone

A

Isopropanol (rubbing alcohol)

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12
Q

what is the antidote and preferred method for isopropanol?

A

Activated charcoal and gas chromatography

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13
Q

common constituent of hydraulic fluid and antifreeze

A

ethylene glycol
- hplc as preferred method

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14
Q

Colorless, odorless, tasteless gas and a very toxic substance. Produced by incomplete combustion of carbon-containing substances such as gasoline engines, organic materials in fire and cigarette smokes

A

carbon monoxide

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15
Q

symptoms of alcohol intoxication begin when the concentration is?

A

> 0.05%

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16
Q

Can exist as a solid, gas, or in solution. Super toxic substance and death may occur less than an hour. It is a component of insecticides and rodenticides , and a common suicidal agent

A

cyanide
-odor of bitter almonds

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17
Q

Common of ant poisons, rodenticides, paints, and metal alloys. Common suicide, and heavy metal poisoning

A

arsenic
- “odor of garlic” breath

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18
Q

It inhibits sulfhydryl enzymes throughout the body and it crosses the placenta

A

arsenic

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19
Q

antidote for arsenic?

A

British anti-lewisite

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20
Q

It is utilized in electroplating and galvanizing. It is a significant environmental pollutant and a pigment in paints and plastics. Causes Itai-Itai Disease

A

Cadmium

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21
Q

Potent enzyme inhibitor by blocking the delta aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthase, pyrimidine-5’ nucleotidase, and NA-K-dependent ATPase

A

Lead

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22
Q

Metals that can cross the placenta

A

Lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury

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23
Q

Neurological symptoms may include: encephalopathy characterized by a cerebral edema and ischemia. Severe can lead to stupor, convulsions and coma

A

Lead
-with a characteristic of wrist drop or foot drop

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24
Q

Binds with sulfhydryl proteins. And inhibits catecholamine-0-methyltransferase

A

Mercury

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25
Q

Major toxic effect of elemental mercury

A

Pink disease (acrodynia) and erethism

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26
Q

Major toxic effect if alkyl mercury

A

Congenital Minimata Disease

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27
Q

Method for mercury

A

Reinsch test

28
Q

A product of incomplete combustion or heating of organic material containing carbon and hydrogen. Known environmental contaminant with carcinogenic property

A

Benzo (A) pyrene

29
Q

Therapeutically used for treatment of narcolepsy and attentional deficit disorder. Structurally related to dopamine and catecholamines

A

Amphetamines

30
Q

most abundant pesticide and responsible for 1/3 of pesticide poisoning

A

organophosphates

31
Q

First marketed as benzedrine and was used to treat obesity before

A

Amphetamines

32
Q

bennies, black beauties, crank, ice, speed and uppers

A

Amphetamines

33
Q

also known as uppers because they increase the alertness and energy of the person taking them

A

stimulants

34
Q

also known as opioids. Drugs that relieves pain

A

Narcotics

35
Q

capable of analgesia, sedation, and anesthesia. Derived chemically from opium poppy.

A

Opiates

36
Q

antagonist for opiate overdose

A

naloxon or narcan

37
Q

Big H, Black Tar, Chiva, Hell Dust, Horse, Negra, Smack, and Thunder

A

Heroin

38
Q

D, Dillies, Dust, Footballs, Juice and Smack

A

Hydromorphone

39
Q

Amidones, Chocolate Chip cookies, Fizzies, Maria, Pastora, Salvia, Street Methadone and Wafer. This is a synthetic narcotic

A

Methadone

40
Q

Most effective narcotic for pain. Principal constituent of opium and non-synthetic

A

Morphine

41
Q

Dreamer, Emsel, first Line, god’s Drug, Hows, MS, Mister Blue, Morf, Morpho, and Unkie

A

Morphine

42
Q

Ah-pen-yen, Aunti, Aunti Emma, Big O, Black Pill,
Chandoo, Chinese Molasses, Chinese Tobacco,
Dover’s Powder, Dream Gun, Dream Stick, Easing
Powder, God’s Medicine, Hops, Midnight oil, Joy Plant,
Zero, Toys and Toxy

A

Opium

43
Q

Synthesize from thebaine, a constituent of the poppy plant. Hillbilly heroin, Kicker, OC, Ox, Roxy, Perc, Oxy

A

OXYCODONE

44
Q

Heroin, Morphine, Oxycodone, Fentanyl, Methadone, Codeine, Hydrocodone

A

Constricted pupils

45
Q

Marijuana, cocaine or crack, benzodiazepines, depressants (alcohol sedatives)

A

red eyes

46
Q

Ampethamines, methamphetamines, cocaine or crack, hallucinogens, opiates, heroin, marijuana, speed

A

dilated pupils

47
Q

● Coca, Coke, Crack, Flake, Snow and Sod Cot
● Has a strong addictive potentialve potential

A

Cocaine

48
Q

● It is derived from coca plant and used
● Used as local anesthetics for as additive to some food
nasopharyngeal surgery
● A potent CNS stimulant that elicits a sense of
excitement and euphoria
● Can cause sudden death due to direct toxicity on
myocardium
● Overdosage may result to violent behavior

A

Cocaine

49
Q

Inhibitor and treatment for cocaine

A

● Inhibitor: Prozac (anti-depressant)
● Treatment: Benzodiazepine

50
Q

● Abyssinian Tea, African Salad, Catha, Chat, Kat, Oat
● Has a stimulant effect

A

Khat

51
Q

“Zombie drugs” because of high energy and
aggressiveness and occassional skimming

A

Flakka

52
Q

Shabu, Meth, Ice, Crank, Chalk, Crystal, Fire, go fast
and Speed
● “Poor man’s cocaine”
● Common in the Philippines
● CNS stimulant

A

Methamphetamine

53
Q

This will put you to sleep, relieve pain, anxiety and muscle spasms and prevent seizure

A

DEPRESSANTS

54
Q

Barbs, Block Buster, Christmas Trees, Goof Balls, Pinks,Red Devils, red and Blues and Yellow Jackets

A

BARBITURATES

55
Q

Common for sedation, to induce sleep, anxiety, muscle spasm, and also for seizures.

A

BENZODIAZEPINES

56
Q

a pill; “date-rape” pill (mga nilalagay sa
drinks)

A

Rohypnol

57
Q

Easy Lay, G, Georgia Home Boy, GHB, Goop, Grievous bodily Harm, Liquid Ecstacy, Liquid X and
Scoop. Also sold as fish tank cleaner, ink stain remover, ink
cartridge remover and nail enamel remover

A

Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid

58
Q

Circle, Forget-Me Pill, La Rocha, Lunch Money Drug,
Mexican Valium, Reynold, Roach, Roapies, Rophies,
Wolfies and Date-Rape Drug

A

Rohypnol

59
Q

Adams, Beans, Clarity, Disco Biscuits, E, Eve, Go, Hug
Drug, Lover’s Speed, Peace, STP, X, Party drug and
XTC

A

ECSTACY / MDMA

60
Q

Acid, Blotter Acids, Dots, Mellow Yellow and Window
Pane

A

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

61
Q

Has no medical use
● For patients who has LSD or took LSD, they exhibit a
behavior described as “Mainitin ang ulo” (hot-headed)

A

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) - diazepam ang antidote

62
Q

It came from a plant that has a psychoactive properties
known as the Cannabis sativa / Cannabis indica /
Cannabis ruderalis

A

MARIJUANA/ CANNABIS

63
Q

Aunt Mary, BC Bud, Blunts, Boom, Dope, Gangster,
Ganja, Grass, Hash, Hash-ish, Herb, Kif, Joint, Mary
Jane, Pot, Reefer, Sinsemilla, Skunk, Smoke, Weed
and Yerba

A

MARIJUANA/ CANNABIS

64
Q

most potent component or the psychoactive substance of marijuana (induces euphoria)

A

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

65
Q

angel’s dust or angel hair

A

PHENCYCLIDINE

66
Q

Chemically associated with male hormone
testosterone

A

ANABOLIC STEROIDS

67
Q

Arnolds, Juice, Pumpers, Roids, Stackers, and Weight
Gainers

A

STEROID

Clinical Chemistry 2 (5 decks)

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