Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SBVAC Week 6 > Toxicology > Flashcards

Toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

Definition: Toxicology?

A

= the study of abnormal physical states caused by drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Definition: Pharmacodynamics?

A

= HOW the drug affects us

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Definition: Pharmacokinetics?

A

= WHERE the drug goes and how it gets there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Definition: Drugs

A
  • a chemical that has a physiological effect on the body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Definition: Tolerance

A
  • need for more after long-term use to achieve an effect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Definition: Habituation

A
  • taking drugs is part of routine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Definition: Dependence

A
  • the physical need for a drug to function normally
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Definition: Addiction

A
  • the psychological desire to take drugs despite recognizing negative consequences
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Definition: Idiosyncrasy

A
  • basically an uncommon side effect or reaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Definition: Synergy

A
  • comes in two forms:
    1. Summative = simple adding of effects
    2. Potentiation = achieving a greater effect than the sum of the drugs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

SBVAC Drug Classification

A
  1. Name = Full name of drug
  2. Indication = Conditions we need to administer the drug
  3. Contraindications = Conditions that make us immediately unable to give the drug w/o Med Control
  4. Route = How we get the drug into the patient
  5. Dose = How much of the drug we give at one time, and how many times we can give it
  6. Mechanism = The actual physiological effect of the drug on the patient
  7. Side Effects = Possible common reactions to the drug
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Routes of Administration

A
  1. Enteral = passing through the epithelium of the GI tract (oral, buccal)
  2. Parenteral = Bypassing the skin and GI tract (IV, IM, IO, Subcutaneous)
  3. Absorbed (buccal, nasal, inhalation, transdermal)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

6 Rights of Drug Administration

A
  1. Right Patient
  2. Right Drug
  3. Right Dose
  4. Right Route
  5. Right Time
  6. Right Documentation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

BLS Drugs

A
  • Aspirin, Albuterol, Epinephrine, Glucose, Naloxone, Oxygen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Peer-Assisted Drugs

A
  • Nitroglycerin, MDI’s, Possibly Epinephrine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Definition: Agonist

A
  • something that increases function at postsynaptic cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Definition: Antagonist

A
  • something that decreases or blocks function at postsynaptic cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Receptors

A

= keys to cellular response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Adrenergic Receptors

A
  • receptors targeted by Catecholamines (Sympathetic)
  • a1 = central vasoconstriction (Increases BP)
  • B1 = increases HR, Myocardial Contractility, Blood Volume, and Blood Pressure
  • B2 = Bronchodilation and increases glucose production and uptake
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cholinergic Receptors

A
  • receptors targeted by Acetylcholine (Parasympathetic)
  • nicotine and muscarinic receptors found throughout body
  • causes parasympathetic response (SLUDGEM)
21
Q

Main Illicit Drug Classes

A
  1. Stimulants
  2. Depressants
  3. Sedative Hypnotics
  4. Hallucinogens
22
Q

Stimulants

A
  • increase CNS activity, stimulate sympathetic nervous system, possible seizures, arrhythmias, hypertension, hyperthermia, mi
23
Q

Depressants

A
  • decrease CNS activity, possible respiratory issues
24
Q

Sedative Hypnotics

A
  • decrease CNS activity, possible respiratory issue
25
Q

Hallucinogens

A
  • alter perception (not always visual or auditory), treat like a psych call (calm them, don’t entertain delusions)
  • cause hallucinations
  • all other symptoms vary based on specific substance involved
  • most target serotonin and/or dopamine in cerebral cortex; serotonin syndrome could be in index of suspicion
  • monitor BGL and 12-Lead
26
Q

Acetaminophen

A

DRUG

  • Tylenol
  • Analgesic/Antipyretic
  • OD = liver toxicity: jaundice, confusion, bleeding
27
Q

Antihistamines

A

CLASS

  • Benadryl, Claritin, Zyrtec
  • reduce effects of histamine and effects of Allergies
28
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

CLASS

  • valium, xanax, versed
  • increase effects of GABA in brains; CNS depressants; OD - Resp.
29
Q

Beta Blockers

A

CLASS

  • metoprolol, …-olol
  • lower HR and BP, Blocks B1 and B2 receptors
30
Q

Ca Channel Blockers

A

CLASS

  • cardizem, verapamil
  • lowers BP and regulates arrhythmias; weakens contraction of vessels and Heart
31
Q

Diuretics

A

CLASS

  • lasix, hydrochlorothiazide
  • cause kidneys to excrete more water, used to treat edema symptoms
32
Q

Insulin

A

DRUG

  • humalog, novalog, lantus
  • allows cells to uptake glucose from blood; lowers BGL; Type 1 diabetics are insulin dependent
33
Q

Metformin or Glucophage

A

DRUG

- regulates sugar production, can be taken orally

34
Q

NSAID’s

A

CLASS

  • advil, aleve, ibuprofen
  • reduce inflammation without immunosuppression from steroids; OD: Kidney Toxicity
35
Q

SSRI/SNRI’s

A

CLASS

  • prozac, zoloft, cymbalta
  • modify reuptake of neurotransmitters to affect mood; antidepressants; OD - AMS, Seizures, Serotonin Syndrome
36
Q

Common OTC and Rx Drugs

A
  • acetaminophen, insulin, metformin or glucophage
37
Q

Common OTC and Rx Classes

A
  • antihistamines, benzodiazepines, beta blockers, Ca channel blockers, diuretics, NSAID’s, SSRI/SNRI’s
38
Q

Anticoagulants

A
  • heparin, warfarin, xarelto

- target soluble blood proteins like Thrombin and Fibrin

39
Q

Anti-platelet Agents

A
  • ASA/Aspirin

- target the deposition and conglomeration of platelets by reducing Prostaglandin levels

40
Q

OPIATES

A
  • Opiate Receptor Agonists
  • fentanyl, heroin, codeine, hydrocodone, morphine, oxycodone, hydromorphone
  • opium poppy-derived drugs that numb pain and sensation
  • CNS depressants = reduce drive to breathe; respiratory issues
  • suspect opiate-contamination in other inbox. calls
41
Q

Narcan

A
  1. Indication: Suspected opioid overdose, RR<10, AMS
  2. Contraindication: none in emergent case
  3. Route: intranasal (IN) via atomizer
  4. Dose: 2mg adults, 1mg Peds; half of each dose is given in each nostril; 3 doses max, contact Med Control after first dose and Post-34
  5. Mech: Opiate Receptor Antagonist
  6. S/E: Vomiting, Withdrawal Symptoms (Aggression), delirium
42
Q

Stimulant Management

A
  • mainly affect the release or reuptake of Norepinephrine
  • cocaine may last half an hour, but Meth may last for hours to Days - can become psychiatrically impaired
  • S/SX: tachycardia, hypertension, possible seizure; and diaphoresis, pupillary dilation, and teeth grinding or fidgeting
  • 12 Lead and Monitor BGL
43
Q

Ketamine

A
  • used for sedation and pain management
  • abused to achieve a dissociative state
  • Variable: agitated to comatose
  • S/Sx: tachycardia, hypertensive, may have hallucinations
  • suspect ketamine in U/P patients with maintained cardiopulm status
  • 12 Lead and Monitor BGL
44
Q

Alcohol and Benzodiazepines

A
  • both mimic the effects of GABA in the brain and act as CNS depressants
  • mild intoxication: slurring, nystagmus, decreased inhibition, N/V, unsteady gait
  • S/Sx of severe intox: P/U, Bradypnea/Apnea, Snoring Respirations, Loss of Gag Reflex, Vomiting
  • manage airway and breathing and monitor BGL
45
Q

Alcohol and Benzodiazepines WITHDRAWAL

A
  • “Cold Turkey” can be fatal
  • delirium tremens - severe withdrawal symptom, possibly FATAL
  • characterized by: N/V, tremors, disorientation, hallucinations, seizure activity, tachycardia, hypertension
  • can lead to electrolyte imbalances that cause cardiovascular collapse
  • seizure precautions and rapid transport
46
Q

Carbon Monoxide

A
  • colorless, odorless gas that is highly toxic
  • binds to hemoglobin and prevents it from carrying oxygen, eventually causing asphyxiation
  • S/Sx: headache, dizziness, confusion/amnesia, SoB, N/V
  • can measure CO levels directly with LifePak
  • if SpCO is above 14%, we cannot RMA the patient
47
Q

Cholinergic Agents

A
  • sarin gas, botulinum toxin
  • organophosphates like pest/insecticides; medications; nerve agents
  • inhalation, ingestions, percuatenous
  • increased parasympathetic response
  • inhibits function of AChE
  • salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, GI Discomfort, Emesis, Miosis
48
Q

Anticholinergic Agents

A
  • atropine, scopolamine

- hyperthermia, halting of secretions, pupillary dilation, hypertension, tachycardia, hallucination, miosis

SBVAC Week 6 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions