Immunology Flashcards
1
Q
What is the Immune System?
A
- body’s defense against infectious organisms and other invaders
- multibody system components/processes: lymphatic system, cardiovascular system, integumentary system, respiratory/digestive/reproductive systems
2
Q
The Lymphatic System
A
- network of tissues and organs that help rid of toxins, waste, and other unwanted materials in the body
- lymphatic ducts and lymph nodes: transport/filter lymph and help mount an immune response
- spleen: filters/recycles RBC’s and detects infectious material in blood
- liver: detects/detoxifies infectious material in blood; immune system cool down
- tonsils and MALTS: mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue; small concentrations of lymphoid tissue in mucosal membranes that have specialized immunity for pathogens that membrane will encounter
- thymus: develop/nurture T-cells and B-cells
- bone marrow: develop/nurture T-cells and B-cells
3
Q
Innate Immunity
A
- less-specific defense mechanism that is body’s first line of defense- initiates inflammatory response
- external barricades: skin, mucous membranes
- chemical barriers: stomach acid, mucous production, defense peptides
- internal defenses: phagocytes, NK T-cells, mast cells, chemical signals; fever, pus, redness, swelling, pain, vasodilation
4
Q
Immune System Spectrum
A
innate - innate-like - adaptive
5
Q
Adaptive Immune System
A
- pathogen-specific (antigen) recognition through antigen specific receptors
- humoral immunity = target and establish memory of specific pathogens in blood/fluids flowing through the body extracellularly
- cell-mediated immunity = target and establish memory of specific pathogens within cells via cell to cell contact and the detection of antigen presentation of infected cells; kills intracellular pathogens
6
Q
Innate vs. Adaptive
A
- innate immunity is usually established from birth and response faster to pathogens
- less-specific recognition vs. pathogen-specific recognition
- establishment of memory
7
Q
Allergies
A
- exaggerated immune response to something that usually is nonpathogenic
- reaction is not from allergen, but from body trying to fight it
- symptoms: sneezing, itchy/runny nose, cough, stomach ache, SOB, swelling, hives
- routes of exposure: inhalation, ingestion, absorption, envenomation/injection
8
Q
Allergies - Assessment and Treatment
A
- remove allergen if possible
- remove jewelry for localized swelling
- OPQRSTI and SAMPLE
9
Q
Anaphylaxis
A
- serious life-threatening hypersensitive systemic allergic reaction that compromises two or more body systems
- first exposure establishes memory to allergen (as if it were a pathogen); gives mast cells ability to recognize allergen
- consequent exposure is quickly recognized by mast cells that mass produce histamine by degranulation
10
Q
Histamine
A
- the main compound involved in an anaphylactic reaction
- vasodilation, bronchospasm, edema, urticaria/itchiness
11
Q
Anaphylaxis - List of Symptoms
A
- hypertension, tachycardia, dyspnea, urticaria, angioedema
12
Q
Sepsis
A
= systemic infection when pathogenic material enters the blood stream and triggers a body-wide inflammatory response
- blood normally does not carry pathogenic material
- eventually can lead to septic shock
13
Q
Sepsis Symptoms
A
- hypotension, elevated body temp, tachycardia, tachypnea, pain, AMS
14
Q
Nosocomial Diseases
A
- hospital acquired infections
- ex) UTI’s, surgical site infections, hospital-acquried pneumonia,