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Emergency Medicine Exam > Toxicology > Flashcards

Toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

Ideal ratio activated charcoal:toxin

A

10:1

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2
Q

If pt took 20 pills of 500mg Acetominophen, how many grams activated charcoal should you administer?

A

100g

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3
Q

What is NOT absorbed by activated charcoal?

A

Iron, alcohols, Lithium, Acid/Bases, Small molecules

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4
Q

Use this for whole bowel irrigation

A

PEG

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5
Q

Indicated to clear the bowel of the following: Iron, Lithium, Sustained release pills, Enteric Coated pills, GI Drug Smuggling

A

PEG

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6
Q

Most commonly encountered Toxidromes

A

Anticholinergic, Cholinergic, Sympathomimetic, Opioids

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7
Q

Exam Question: Tx for Anticholinergic Toxicity

A

Physostigmine

  • cholinesterase inhibitor. Crosses BBB
  • physostigmine phyxes atropine overdose
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8
Q

Tx for Cholinergic Toxicity due to Organophosphate Overdose

A

Atropine - muscarinic inhibitor, crosses BBB

Pradlidoxime - Regenerates AChE, doesn’t cross BBB

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9
Q

Tx for the good drugs: Cocaine, Meth

A

Benzodiazepines and cooling

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10
Q

Tx for Opioid Toxicity

A

Naloxone or Naltrexone

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11
Q

Tylenol Toxicity depletes

A

Glutathione

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12
Q

Toxic Metabolite present with Acetominophen (tylenol) toxicity

A

NAPQI

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13
Q

Which part of hepatocyte is damaged with Tylenol toxicity?

A

Centrilobar/ Zone 3

*necrosis here because location of CYP-450

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14
Q

What is Rumack-Mathew Nomogram?

A

Chart to determine how to Tx Acute Toxic Ingestion of Acetaminophen

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15
Q

Rumack-Matthew Nomogram: Toxic Level?

A

140 or above at 4hrs ingestion of Acetaminophen

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16
Q

Exam Question: Tx for Acetaminophen Toxicity

A

N-Acetylcysteine

*Replenishes glutathione

17
Q

Antivenom

A

CroFab

18
Q

Renal Toxicity caused by which alcohol?

A

Ethylene Glycol

19
Q

Retinal Toxicity caused by which alcohol?

A

Methanol

20
Q

Too much formic acid caused by which alcohol?

A

Methanol

21
Q

Exam Question: Too much oxalic acid caused by which alcohol?

A

Ethylene Glycol

22
Q

Antifreeze

A

Ethylene Glycol

23
Q

Windshield washer fluid

A

Methanol

24
Q

Rubbing Alcohol, Hand sanitizer

A

Isopropanol

25
Q

Tx for Toxic Alcohols

A

Fomipazole and ETOH

*Both target ADH

Emergency Medicine Exam (9 decks)

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