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Liz's Clinical Chemistry Module 2 > Toxicology > Flashcards

Toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general drug class for cotinine?

A

Other drugs of abuse

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2
Q

What is the general drug class for amphetamine?

A

Stimulants

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3
Q

What is the general drug class for opiates?

A

Narcotics

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4
Q

What is the general drug class for nortiptyline?

A

Tricyclic antidepressants

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5
Q

What is the general drug class for acetaminophen?

A

Analgesics

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6
Q

What is the general drug class for lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)?

A

Hallucinogens

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7
Q

What is the general drug class for desipramine?

A

Tricyclic antidepressants

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8
Q

What is the general drug class for ketamine?

A

Other drugs of abuse

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9
Q

What is the general drug class for ecstasy (MDMA)?

A

Stimulants

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10
Q

What is the general drug class for benzodiazepines?

A

Depressants

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11
Q

What is the general drug class for cannabinoids (THC)?

A

Hallucinogens

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12
Q

What is the general drug class for imipramine?

A

Tricyclic antidepressants

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13
Q

What is the general drug class for acetylsalicylic acid?

A

Analgesics

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14
Q

What is the general drug class for methadone?

A

Narcotics

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15
Q

What is the general drug class for cocaine?

A

Stimulants

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16
Q

What is the general drug class for short- and long-acting barbiturates?

A

Depressants

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17
Q

What is the general drug class for phenothiazines?

A

Other drugs of abuse

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18
Q

What is the general drug class for amitriptyline?

A

Tricyclic antidepressants

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19
Q

What is the general drug class for phencyclidine (PCP)?

A

Hallucinogens

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20
Q

What is the general drug class for buprenorphine?

A

Narcotics

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21
Q

What is the general drug class for methamphetamines?

A

Stimulants

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22
Q

How does CO poisoning cause its clinical effects?

A

Dosage makes a difference; it holds on to hemoglobin more than oxygen so it cannot transport oxygen

23
Q

How do you calculate a % alcohol concentration from a result of mg/dL?

A
  • Divide EtOH in serum (mg/dL) by 1000

- Can use a breathalyzer result x 1000 = EtOH in mg/dL

24
Q

What is the toxic metabolite for EtOH?

A

Acetaldehyde

25
What are the toxic metabolites for MeOH?
Formaldehyde and formic acid
26
What is the toxic metabolite for isopropanol?
Acetone
27
What are the toxic metabolites for ethylene glycol?
Oxalic acid and formic acid
28
MeOH - Osmolal gap - Anion gap - Metabolic acidosis - Acetone - Urinary oxalate crystals
- Osmolal gap: increased - Anion gap: increased - Metabolic acidosis: present - Acetone: negative - Urinary oxalate crystals: none
29
Isopropanol - Osmolal gap - Anion gap - Metabolic acidosis - Acetone - Urinary oxalate crystals
- Osmolal gap: increased - Anion gap: Normal - Metabolic acidosis: no - Acetone: positive - Urinary oxalate crystals: none
30
EtOH - Osmolal gap - Anion gap - Metabolic acidosis - Acetone - Urinary oxalate crystals
- Osmolal gap: increased - Anion gap: normal - Metabolic acidosis: no - Acetone: negative - Urinary oxalate crystals: none
31
Ethylene glycol - Osmolal gap - Anion gap - Metabolic acidosis - Acetone - Urinary oxalate crystals
- Osmolal gap: increased - Anion gap: increased - Metabolic acidosis: present - Acetone: negative - Urinary oxalate crystals: present
32
In volatile ingestion, the anion gap is ____ if metabolized to acids
Increased
33
When metabolysis to acids occurs, it lowers the ____
pH
34
Who is prone to aluminum toxicity?
Dialysis and renal failure patients
35
Sources of lead in lead poisoning
- Heavy metal found in the environment - Lead-based paint - Dirt - Lead crystal - Lead pipes - Ceramics
36
What biosynthetic pathway is inhibited in lead poisoning?
Heme synthesis | - Avid inhibition of porphobilinogen synthase → protoporphyrin accumulates in RBCs
37
5 typical laboratory results seen in lead poisoning
- Increased blood lead - Increased retics - Basophilic stippling - Increased delta-ALA - Increased zinc protoporphyrin
38
What enzyme is decreased in organophosphate and carbamate poisoning?
Acetylcholinesterase
39
7 categories of drugs of abuse
- Stimulants - Depressants - Narcotics - Hallucinogens - Analgesics - Antidepressants - Other drugs of abuse
40
16 drugs that are typically included in a drug of abuse urine screening test
- Amphetamine, barbituates - Benzodiazepine, buprenorphine - Cocaine, cotinine - Ecstasy, ketamine - Marijuana, methadone, - Methamphetamines, opiates - Oxycodone, phencyclidine - Propoxyphene, tricyclic antidepressants
41
8 commonly used opiates
- Morphine - Codeine - Propoxyphene - Hydrocodone - Meperidene - Naloxone - Heroin - Methadone
42
3 screening (qualitative) tests ofr DOA
- Immunoassays - "Spot" urine tests - Thin layer chromatography (TLC)
43
3 confirmatory (quantitative) tests for DOA
- Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) - High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) - GC-MS
44
5 factors that determine the level of toxicity of potentially harmful agents
- Amount of agent introduced (dose) - Route of administration - Number of doses - Period of time over which the agent was administered - LD50 (lethal dose for 50% of the population) for the agent
45
What organ is affected by acetaminophen toxicity?
Liver
46
Therapeutic uses of methadone (synthetic opioid)
- Pain relief - Opioid abstinenece syndrome - Treat heroin addicts to wean them from illicit drug use
47
Therapeutic uses for high-dose buprenorphine (semi-synthetic opioid)
- Treat opioid addiction in higher doses (>2mg) - Control moderate acute pain in non-opioid-tolerant individuals in lower dosages (~200ug) - Control moderate chronic pain in dosages ranging from 20-70ug/hour
48
What are the effects of MeOH toxicity?
- Nausea - Headache - Coma - Convulsions - Temporary or permanent blindness
49
What are the effects of isopropanol toxicity?
- Hypothermia - Hypotension - Cardiovascular complications - Come
50
What are the effects of ethylene glycol toxicity?
- CNS depression - Hypertension - Renal failure
51
Symptoms associated w/ Hg toxicity
- Memory loss, mental confusion - Allergies, irritability - High blood pressure and heart problems, weight gain - Fatigue, digestion problems - Skin rashes, joint stiffness - immune dysfunction ( - Cold feet - Balance problems - Acrodynia ("pink disease") - Myasthenia
52
List the common sources of MeOH
Solvent in paint products
53
List the common sources of isopropanol
?
54
List the common sources of ethylene glycol
Antifreeze

Liz's Clinical Chemistry Module 2 (9 decks)

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