Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Wrap up > Toxicology > Flashcards

Toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

When activated charcoal is used correctly to detoxify a patient, how is the toxicity reduced?

A

the toxin is absorbed on the large surface area of the charcoal and then excreted in the feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is airway protection essential in the use of activated charcoal?

A

the charcoal can be aspirated in the lungs and result in death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

During what time period should activated charcoal be used?

A

within 1 hr of toxin ingestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does syrup of ipecac decontaminate a patient?

A

it induces emesis within 20 min of administration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

During what time period should syrup of ipecac be administered to be effective? Why?

A

Within 30 min of toxin ingestion because it will only clear gastric contents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the consequence of chronic systemization of syrup of ipecac?

A

cardiotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does a gastric lavage work?

A

Several liters of water are instilled via a large bore tube and then suctioned out with the contents of the stomach.
*not helpful if contents have already moved in to duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the result of whole bowel irrigation?

A

increased speed of elimination, especially of enteric coated or sustained release products that move quickly into the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is whole bowel irrigation contraindicated with?

A

bowel obstruction, hemorrhage, ileus, hemodynamic instability, intractable vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What types of toxins can effectively be treated with hemodialysis?

A
  • water soluble
  • low volume of distribution
  • molecular wt <500 Da
  • low plasma protein binding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some examples of drugs that can be effectively removed by hemodialysis?

A

methanol, ethylene glycol, salicylates, lithium, sotalol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is hemoperfusion? What drug characteristic it if useful for?

A

passage of blood through absorbtive-containing cartridge (charcoal) used to remove substances with high degree of plasma protein binding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some examples of drugs that can be removed by hemoperfusion?

A

carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, theophylline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What toxins require quantitative levels to diagnose as toxic?

A
  • acetaminophen
  • carbon monoxide
  • ethanol, ethylene glycol
  • heavy metals
  • iron
  • methanol
  • methemoglobin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What toxins require quantitative serial levels to diagnose as a toxin?

A

aspirin/ salicylates, tegretol, digoxin, penobarbital, phenytoin, valproic acid, theophylline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How are the vitals (RR, HR, BP, temp) changed in adrenergic excess?

A

rr: increased
hr: increased
bp: increased
temp: increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How are the vitals (RR, HR, BP, temp) changed in anti-cholinergic excess?

A

rr: NC
hr: increased
bp: NC/increased
temo: increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How are the vitals (RR, HR, BP, temp) changed in cholinergic excess?

A

rr: NC/ increased
hr: decreased
bp: NC/increased
temp: NC

19
Q

How are the vitals (RR, HR, BP, temp) changed in opioid excess?

A

rr: decreased
hr: NC/ decreased
bp: NC/decreased
temp: NC/decreased

20
Q

How are the vitals (RR, HR, BP, temp) changed in sedative/hypnotic excess?

A

rr: NC/decreased
hr: NC
bp: NC
temp: NC

21
Q

How are the vitals (RR, HR, BP, temp) changed in serotonergic excess?

A

rr: increased
hr: increased
bp: increased
temp: increased

22
Q

What are the result of the physical exam (mental status, pupils, mucus membranes, skin, reflexes, bowel sound, urine output) changes in adrenergic excess?

A

mental: alert/ agitated
pupils: dilated
mucus mem: wet
skin: diaphroetic
reflex: increased
bowel sound: increased
urine output: increased
**possible seizures

23
Q

What are the result of the physical exam (mental status, pupils, mucus membranes, skin, reflexes, bowel sound, urine output) changes in anti-cholinergic excess?

A

mental: depressed/ confused/ hallucinating
pupils: dilated
mucus mem: dry
skin: dry
reflex: normal
bowel sound: decreased
urine output: decreased
**possible seizures

24
Q

What are the result of the physical exam (mental status, pupils, mucus membranes, skin, reflexes, bowel sound, urine output) changes in cholinergic excess?

A

mental: depressed/ confused
pupils: constricted
mucus mem: wet
skin: diaphoretic
reflex: normal/ decreased
bowel sound: increased
urine output: increased
**muscle fasciculations/vomiting

25
Q

What are the result of the physical exam (mental status, pupils, mucus membranes, skin, reflexes, bowel sound, urine output) changes in opioid excess?

A

mental: depressed
pupils: constricted
mucus mem: normal
skin: normal
reflex: normal/ decreased
bowel sound: decreased
urine output: decreased

26
Q

What are the result of the physical exam (mental status, pupils, mucus membranes, skin, reflexes, bowel sound, urine output) changes in sedative/ hypnotic excess?

A

mental: depressed
pupils: normal
mucus mem: normal
skin: normal
reflex: normal/ decreased
bowel sound: normal
urine output: normal

27
Q

What are the result of the physical exam (mental status, pupils, mucus membranes, skin, reflexes, bowel sound, urine output) changes in serotonergic excess?

A

mental: agitated/ euphoric/ hypomanic
pupils: dilated
mucus mem: dry
skin: diaphoretic
reflex: increased
bowel sound: increased
urine output: up or down
** muscle rigidity, tremor, ataxia, loss of coordination, nystagmus

28
Q

How does beta-blocker activity present?

A

bradycardia, hypotension

***partial agonists will present with tachy/HTN

29
Q

How do Ca channel blockers decrease insulin release?

A

blocks pancreatic L-type channels

30
Q

How do beta-blockers decrease insulin release?

A

block pancreatic beta-2 receptors

31
Q

What are 3 common features of Ca channel blocker toxicity?

A

hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, acidosis

32
Q

What is a major result of acute isoniazid toxicity? How?

A

seizures!

  • -INH decreases B6 in the CNS –> decrease in GABA –> seizures
  • -seizures can be exacerbated by lactic acidosis caused by inhibition of hepatic conversion from lactate to pyruvate
33
Q

What toxicity should you consider in a patient with acute onset of seizures and nonresponsive to anticonvulsants?

A

isoniazid

34
Q

Why is forced diuresis usually not necessary for isoniazid intoxication?

A

it has a very short half life and is rapidly eliminated

35
Q

Explain the time course of tylenol OD

A

Phase 1: (30 min-4hr) anorexia, pallor, N/V, diaphoresis, ~malaise
Phase 2: 1-2 day) less severe symptoms: can look like resolution
Phase 3: (3-5 day) hepatic necrosis, jaundice, coag defects, renal failure
Phase 4: (4 days- 2 weeks) resolution or death

36
Q

How is NAC administered?

A

1st a loading dose, then 17 subsequent doses, must give ALL

37
Q

How will a patient with aspirin OD present?

A

metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis
Acute: N/V, gastritis
Mod: hyperpnea, tachycardia, tinnitus
Severe: agitation, confusion, seizure, CV collapse, pulm edema, hyperthermia, death

38
Q

CO poisoning presentation and treatment

A

headache, dizzy, N/V, seizures, coma

tx: 100% O2

39
Q

irritant gas toxicity presentation and treatment

A

cough, stridor, wheezing, pneumonia

tx: humidified O2, bronchodilators

40
Q

Cyanide poisoning presentation and treatment

A

headache, N/V, syncope, seizures, coma

tx: CN antidote kit

41
Q

hydrogen sulfide poison presentation and treatment

A

smell of rotten egg

tx: no specific antidote

42
Q

nitrogen oxides poison presentation and treatment

A

dyspnea, cyanosis, syncope, seizures, coma

tx: methylene blue

43
Q

Whats a cyanide kit?

A

sodium nitrate, sodium thiosulfate, amyl nitrate

Wrap up (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions