Toxicology Flashcards
Chemical risk
the probability of an adverse effect in an organism caused under specified circumstances by exposure to a substance
Hazard
the inherent property of a substance having the potential to cause adverse effects when an organism, system of population is exposed
Exposure
any condition which provides an opportunity for an external environmental agent to enter the body
Carcinogen
any substance capable of causing cancer
Reproductive toxicants
chemicals that interfere with normal sexual function and fertility
Developmental toxicants
cause adverse effects on development of offspring (induced during pregnancy or as a result of parental exposure)
Hierarchy of Controls
5 levels:
Elimination
Substitution
Engineering Controls
Administrative Controls
PPE
Toxicology
the study of adverse effects of chemicals or physical agents on living organisms
Toxicant
A toxic substance that is produced or is a by-product of anthropogenic activities
Toxin
A toxic substance that is produced by biological system such as a plant, animal, fungus or bacteria
Poison
Toxins produced by organisms
Toxic Agent
Anything that can produce an adverse biological effect. Its form can be chemical, physical, or biological.
LD50
Lethal dose for 50% of the population
LC50
Lethal concentration
-for aquatic toxicity endpoints
Acute
single or repeated exposure for less than 24 hours
