Toxicology

Question 1

Chemical risk

Answer 1

the probability of an adverse effect in an organism caused under specified circumstances by exposure to a substance

Question 2

Hazard

Answer 2

the inherent property of a substance having the potential to cause adverse effects when an organism, system of population is exposed

Question 3

Exposure

Answer 3

any condition which provides an opportunity for an external environmental agent to enter the body

Question 4

Carcinogen

Answer 4

any substance capable of causing cancer

Question 5

Reproductive toxicants

Answer 5

chemicals that interfere with normal sexual function and fertility

Question 6

Developmental toxicants

Answer 6

cause adverse effects on development of offspring (induced during pregnancy or as a result of parental exposure)

Question 7

Hierarchy of Controls

Answer 7

5 levels:
Elimination
Substitution
Engineering Controls
Administrative Controls
PPE

Question 8

Toxicology

Answer 8

the study of adverse effects of chemicals or physical agents on living organisms

Question 9

Toxicant

Answer 9

A toxic substance that is produced or is a by-product of anthropogenic activities

Question 10

Toxin

Answer 10

A toxic substance that is produced by biological system such as a plant, animal, fungus or bacteria

Question 10

Poison

Answer 10

Toxins produced by organisms

Question 11

Toxic Agent

Answer 11

Anything that can produce an adverse biological effect. Its form can be chemical, physical, or biological.

Question 12

LD50

Answer 12

Lethal dose for 50% of the population

Question 13

LC50

Answer 13

Lethal concentration
-for aquatic toxicity endpoints

Question 14

Acute

Answer 14

single or repeated exposure for less than 24 hours

Question 15

Chronic

Answer 15

repeated exposure for more than 1 to 3 months

Question 16

Toxicokinetics

Answer 16

rate of elimination of toxicants

Question 17

Toxicodynamics

Answer 17

how toxicants are eliminated