Papers and Guest Speakers

Question 1

DLE

Answer 1

Direct Lithium Extraction

Question 2

Key DBP Species

Answer 2

Nitrosamines, haloacetic acids, chlorates, THMs

Question 3

Tipping point

Answer 3

Something unknown will be triggered by an uncontrollable feedback loop

Question 4

Great Acceleration

Answer 4

1950s
- rate of boundary exceeding increased rapidly
- due to increase of novel entities and fossil fuel emissions

Question 5

The molecular/material basis of sustainability

Answer 5

Sustainability regarding molecular and material use and waste
- ensuring that processes are designed with circular material use and minimal waste

Question 6

3 major areas driving the use of ammonia

Answer 6

Fertilizers
Energy carrier (Haber-Bosch)
Commercial air conditioning/refrigeration

Question 7

Conventional sources of lithium extraction

Answer 7

Solar precipitation from brines
Hard rock mining from granitic pegmatites

Question 8

Spinel Crystals

Answer 8

Manganese oxide crystals used to trap lithium from brines and remove pure lithium solution

Question 9

Sustainable Chemistry

Answer 9

System-based and cross-disciplinary approaches to tackle sustainability challenges
-socio-economic consideration
-systems thinking, look at entire lifecycle of atoms and molecules

Question 10

Environmental Chemistry

Answer 10

Crucial historical role in drawing attention to the unintended consequences of material transformation through release of contaminants into the natural environment
- Study the environmental impacts of processes

Question 11

Green Chemistry

Answer 11

Shift from the pollution identification and control to pollution prevention by attending to design of products and processes
- how to design reactions and processes to minimize impact and waste

Question 12

Circular Chemistry

Answer 12

extends green chemistry, incorporating circular economy concepts to provide its own 12 principles that direct attention to a hierarchy of choices

Question 13

5 levels of Systematic Thinking for Chemistry and Sustainability

Answer 13

molecular basis
orienting chemistry towards sustainability
sustainability tools
sustainability frameworks
sustainability

Question 14

Green water

Answer 14

terrestrial water (precipitation, evaporation, soil moisture, water available for vegetation, water in plants and animals, and root-zone soil moisture)

Question 15

Blue water

Answer 15

water found in lakes, streams, groundwater, ice, etc.

Question 16

2 Approaches proposed to address weaknesses of the freshwater use PB

Answer 16

1) Fair Share
- top-down approach, treats the PB value as the budget and allocates proportions to localities
2) Local Safe Operating Space
- bottom-up approach, generates a locally meaningful control variable and boundary