Toxicology

Question 1

This plant causes enzootic hematuria/bone marrow suppression/bladder neoplasia in cattle and goats, bright blindness in sheep, and ataxia in horses from thiaminase. The toxin is Ptaquiloside.

Answer 1

BRACKEN FERN/Pteridium aquilinum

Question 2

This metal toxicity causes a haemolytic crisis, gunmetal kidneys, and port wine colored urine.

Answer 2

Copper

Question 3

This toxin comes from pitted fruits, sudan or Johnson grass. And it combines with iron in cytochrome oxidase to prevent release of oxygen to cells–>bright cherry red blood. And it can cause a “bitter almond” smell in the rumen.
How is it treated?

Answer 3

Cyanide

Treated with sodium nitrite and thiosulfate

Question 4

This toxin causes methemoglobin leading to chocolate brown blood.
How is it treated?

Answer 4

Nitrate

Treated with methylene blue

Question 5

Plants that contain this toxin such as senecio and amsinckia cause irreversible hepatic fibrosis. There is no treatment and prognosis is poor.

Answer 5

Pyrrolizidine alkaloid

Question 6

This toxic plant is also called astragalus and oxytropis. It is known to worsen brisket disease in cattle due to swainsonine (the toxin found in the plant).

Answer 6

Locoweed

Question 7

Ingestion of this plant can cause hyperestrogenism leading to nymphomania

Answer 7

Red clover

Question 8

The lupine plant causes what congenital abnormalitiy?

Answer 8

Arthrogryposis

Question 9

Peat scours (scours with gas bubbles) is caused by toxicity of what, caused by a copper deficiency.

Answer 9

Molybdenum