CANINE

Question 1

ALP IS INDUCIBLE AND HAS 5 ISOENZYMES. NAME THE CAUSES OF INCREASED ALP.

Answer 1

LIVER, BONE (*GROWING ANIMAL), INTESTINE, PLACENTA, CORTICOSTEROIDS (IN DOGS ONLY-CUSHINGS OR IATROGENIC)

Question 2

DO NEWBORN PUPPIES SHIVER WHEN COLD, YES OR NO?

Answer 2

NO (SHIVERING REFLEX NOT FUNCTIONAL IN NEWBORN PUPPIES. SIGNS OF HYPOTHERMIA ARE HYPOGLYCEMIA, ILEUS, BRADYCARDIA, AND REGURG)

Question 3

ABDOMINAL PALPATION CAN RELIABLY DETECT PREGNANCY IN THE DOG AT ___ DAYS.

Answer 3

21 (DIFFICULT TO PALPATE AFTER 35 DAYS)

Question 4

A CLIENT THINKS HER DOG WAS BRED BY THE NEIGHBOR’S AND BRINGS IT INTO THE CLINIC REQUESTING AN ULTRASOUND. AT HOW MANY DAYS CAN ULTRASOUND DETECT PREGNANCY?

Answer 4

28 DAYS

Question 5

RADIOGRAPHY CAN DETECT PREGNANCY IN THE DOG AT ___ DAYS AND IN THE CAT AT ___ DAYS.

Answer 5

45 (DOG), 40 (CAT)

Question 6

BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY OCCURS IN INTACT MALE DOGS.
IS IT PAINFUL?
WHAT IS THE TREATMENT OF CHOICE?

Answer 6

NO (NOT PAINFUL)

CASTRATION (TREATMENT OF CHOICE–BUT IF THE OWNER WANTS THE DOG FOR BREEDING FINASTERIDE IS DRUG OF CHOICE)

Question 7

DESCRIBE THE 5 TYPES OF SALTER HARRIS FRACTURES. [USE TERMINOLOGY PHYSIS, METAPHYSIS, AND EPIPHYSIS]

Answer 7

TYPE 1: PHYSIS
TYPE 2: PHYSIS AND METAPHYSIS 
TYPE 3: PHYSIS AND EPIPHYSIS
TYPE 4: EPIPHYSIS TO METAPHYSIS
TYPE 5: CRUSH
----------------
IF HAVING TROUBLE REMEMBERING, USE ACRONYM SALTER-IN RELATION TO THE PHYSIS:
S=STRAIGHT ACROSS
A=ABOVE
L=LOWER/BELOW
T=THROUGH
ER=ERASURE OF GROWTH PLATE

Question 8

HOW DO YOU DIAGNOSE MYASTHENIA GRAVIS? A) EDROPHONIUM (TENSILON) B) PYRIDOSTIGMINE C) SERUM ANTIBODIES D) NEOSTIGMINE

Answer 8

C) SERUM ANTIBODIES
[REMEMBER IN THIS DISEASE THERE IS A REDUCTION IN ACETYLCHINE RECEPTORS. SO, TREATMENT IS TO USE ANTICHOLINESTERASE AGENTS TO PREVENT THE BREAKDOWN OF ACETYLCHOLINE THEREBY PROLONGING INTERACTION OF ACETYLCHOLINE WITH AVAILABLE RECEPTORS. EDROPHONIUM IS SHORT ACTING TO SUPPORT A DIAGNOSIS BASICALLY IF THE ANIMAL SHOWS TEMPORARY CLINICAL IMPROVEMENT. AND PYRIDOSTIGMINE AND NEOSTIGMINE ARE LONGER ACTING FOR THERAPY]

Question 9

_______________ IS THE INABILITY TO RETRACT THE PENIS INTO THE PREPUTIAL CAVITY.

Answer 9

PARAPHIMOSIS

Question 10

_____________ IS INFLAMMATION OF THE PENILE OR PREPUTIAL MUCOSA

Answer 10

BALANOPSOTHITIS

Question 11

____________ IS PERSISTENT ABNORMAL ERECTION OF THE PENIS WITHOUT SEXUAL STIMULATION

Answer 11

PRIAPISM

Question 12

WHAT KIND OF DIET WOULD YOU RECOMMEND TO A BEDLINGTON TERRIER WITH COPPER STORAGE HEPATOPATHY?

Answer 12

CHICKEN, DAIRY PRODUCTS, AND RICE (ALL ARE LOW IN COPPER)

Question 13

HOW LONG IS A DOG PREGNANT FOR FROM THE DAY OF OVULATION? WHAT ABOUT FROM BREEDING AT AN UNKNOWN STAGE OF ESTRUS?

Answer 13

62-64 DAYS OR ~2 MONTHS (FROM DAY OF OVULATION)

58-72 DAYS (FROM UNKNOWN STAGE OF ESTRUS)

Question 14

PRIMARY HYPOTHYROIDISM IS DISRUPTION OR ATROPHY OF THE THYROID GLAND. (LYMPHYOCYTIC THYROIDITIS OR IDIOPATHIC THYROID GLAND ATROPHY). SECONDARY HYPOTHYROIDISM IS WHEN THERE IS ADEQUATE PITUITARY SECRETION OF TSH. WHICH IS MORE COMMON, PRIMARY OR SECONDARY HYPOTHYROIDISM?

Answer 14

PRIMARY

[TERTIARY HASN’T BEEN REPORTED IN THE DOG]

Question 15

SURGERY, ANESTHESIA, CONCURRENT ILLNESS, AND WHAT KINDS OF DRUGS CAN AFFECT THRYOID HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS (BUT NOT TO THE EXTENT OF PRODUCING CLINICAL SIGNS)?

Answer 15

GLUCOCORTICOIDS, PHENOBARBITAL, SULFONAMIDES, CARPROFEN, CLOMIPRAMINE

Question 16

WHAT ARE 3 WAYS TO TREAT DEMODEX?

Answer 16

AMITRAZ, IVERMECTIN, MILBEMYCIN

[*MILBEMYCIN SAFE FOR COLLIE BREEDS WITH MDR1 GENE THAT ARE SUSCEPTIBLE TO IVERMECTIN TOXICOSIS]