Poultry

Question 1

THIS POULTRY DISEASE HAS 3 MAIN EFFECTS, RESPIRATORY, RENAL, AND REPRODUCTIVE THAT CAUSES WRINKLED EGGS. THE YOUNGEST BIRDS LESS THAN 2 WEEKS OLD SUFFER FROM SEVERE RESPIRATORY SIGNS WHILE THE OLDER BIRDS HAVE A DROP IN EGG PRODUCTION. THERE IS ALSO A NEPHROPATHOGENIC STRAIN THAT CAUSES WHITE URATES TO BUILD UP ON THE KIDNEYS. REPORTABLE IN SOME STATES. THIS HAS A NEGATIVE HEMAGGLUTINATION REACTION. SUPPORTIVE CARE AND NOTE THAT ASYMPTOMATIC/CLINICALLY RECOVERED BIRDS ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT VECTOR.

Answer 1

INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS VIRUS (IBV)

[CORONAVIRUS]

Question 2

THIS DISEASE EFFECTS CHICKENS AND TURKEYS BUT ESPECIALLY TURKEYS. IT CAUSES PNEUMONIA AND INFECTIONS THROUGHOUT THE BODY SUCH AS RESPIRATORY, HYPOPYON, SWELLING OF WATTLES, ETC. IT CAN ALSO CAUSE VASCULAR PROBLEMS LEADING TO HEMORRHAGE AND CONGESTION. MOST IMPORTANT SOURCE IS THE CHRONIC CARRIER. TREATMENT IS NOT GENERALLY PRACTICAL.

Answer 2

FOWL CHOLERA

[PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA]

Question 3

THIS DISEASE AFFECTS CHICKENS ONLY. IT CAUSES ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISEASE IN YOUNG CHICKS LESS THAN 3 WEEKS AND FACIAL EDEMA SUCH AS SWELLING OF INFRAORBITAL SINUSES AND EYELIDS THAT DO NOT OPEN IN ADDITION TO SWOLLEN WATTLES. THIS IS CATALASE NEGATIVE AND INTERESTINGLY COMPARED TO OTHER DISESES, ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY IS VERY EFFECTIVE. CHRONIC CARRIERS ARE THE MAIN SOURCE OF INFECTION.

Answer 3

INFECTIOUS CORYZA

[AVIBACTERIUM HAEMOPHILUS PARAGALLINARIUM]

Question 4

WHICH DISEASE OCCURS ONLY IN CHICKENS?

VERSUS WHICH DISEASE OCCURS IN BOTH CHICKENS AND TURKEYS BUT PRIMARILY EFFECTS TURKEYS?

Answer 4

INFECTIOUS CORYZA [AVIBACTERIUM HAEMOPHILUS PARAGALLINARIUM]

FOWL CHOLERA [PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA]

Question 5

THIS IS A DISEASE THAT CAUSES NO CLINICAL SIGNS IN CHICKENS BUT IS ZOONOTIC AND CAUSES INFECTED PEOPLE TO GET ENTEROCOLITIS. TO PREVENT, COOK YOUR CHICKEN AND HANDLE IT PROPERLY.

Answer 5

AVIAN CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS

[CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI]

Question 6

THIS DISEASE IS BOTH REPORTABLE AND ZOONOTIC. THE LOW PATHOGENIC FORM IS SIMPLY TREATED WITH SUPPORTIVE CARE. THE HIGHLY PATHOGENIC FORM IS ALSO KNOWN AS FOWL PLAGUE AND CAUSES THINGS LIKE CYANOTIC COMBS AND WATTLES, NEUROLOGICAL SIGNS, CATARRHAL AND HEMORRHAGIC TRACHEITIS, FOLLICULAR ATRESIA, ETC. THIS FORM CAUSES PERACUTE DEATH, HIGH MORBIDITY, AND HIGH MORTALITY. H5 AND H7 MOST COMMONLY IMPLICATED. HIGHLY PATHOGENIC FORM HAS NO TREATMENT; CULL FLOCK. USE OF VACCINATION REQUIRES USDA APPROVAL. THE NATURAL RESERVOIR INCLUDES CLINICALLY NORMAL SHOREBIRDS AND MIGRATING WATERFOWL LIKE DUCKS AND GEESE.

Answer 6

AVIAN INFLUENZA

[TYPE A ORTHOMYXOVIRUS]

Question 7

THIS DISEASE CAUSES UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT SIGNS (NASAL AND OCCULAR DISCHARGE, CONJUNCTIVITIS, PERIORBITAL SWELLING). IT IS ESPECIALLY IN THE TRACHEA; AND ALSO CAUSES A DECREASE IN EGG PRODUCTION. ON NECROPSY THE TRACHEA AS WELL AS THE LARYNX CAN HAVE BLOOD, MUCUS, AND/OR YELLOW CASEOUS MATERIAL. PROGNOSIS IS VARIABLE AND VACCINATION IS RECOMMENDED IN AN OUTBREAK OR ENDEMIC AREA. CLINICALLY RECOVERED CARRIERS ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT SOURCE OF TRANSMISSION. CHICKENS MAINLY GET THIS BUT PHEASANTS AND PEAFOWL CAN TOO.
IS THIS DISEASE REPORTABLE?

Answer 7

INFECTIOUS LARYNGOTRACHEITIS
[GALLUS HERPESVIRUS-1]

YES!!! (REPORTABLE)

Question 8

THIS IS A RESPIRATORY AND NEUROLOGIC DISEASE OF POULTRY. IT IS KNOWN FOR CAUSING “SQUARE HEAD” (FROM FACIAL EDEMA), PARALYIS, DECREASED EGG PRODUCTION, AND SUDDEN DEATH. IT IS ZOONOTIC IN PEOPLE (CONJUNCTIVITIS). THIS DISEASE IS REPORTABLE! ON NECROPSY THE FOLLOWING LESIONS ARE CONSIDERED NEARLY PATHOGNOMONIC: MULTIFOCAL NECROSIS, HEMORRHAGE OF THE INTESTINAL MUCOSA ESPECIALLY AT LYMPHOID FOCI/CECAL TONSILS. THERE IS NO TREATMENT; ALL BIRDS SHOULD BE CULLED. THIS IS VIABLE IN THE ENVIRONMENT FOR WEEKS. VACCINATION DOESN’T FULLY PROTECT AND TENDS TO MASK DISEASE.

Answer 8

NEW CASTLE DISEASE

[AVIAN PARAMYXOVIRUS]

Question 9

WHICH TWO AVIAN DISEASES ARE POSITIVE ON HEMAGGLUTINATION? WHICH IS CONSIDERED NEGATIVE AS A CONTRAST?

Answer 9

NEW CASTLE DISEASE, AVIAN INFLUENZA (POSITIVE)

INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS (NEGATIVE)

Question 10

REGARDING NEW CASTLE DISEASE (AVIAN PARAMYXOVIRUS), WHAT ARE THE 5 STRAINS? FOR THE FIRST 3 STRAINS TELL IF THEY CAUSE RESPIRATORY, NEURO SIGNS, OR BOTH? WHICH ARE REPORTABLE?
WHICH IS USED FOR VACCINATION, ALTHOUGH VACCINATION IS NOT THAT EFFECTIVE AND CAN MASK DISEASE?

Answer 10

VISCEROTROPIC VELOGENIC-RESPIRATORY AND NEURO (REPORTABLE)

NEUROTROPIC VELOGENIC-NEURO (REPORTABLE)

MESOGENIC-RESPIRATORY (REPORTABLE)

LENTOGENIC-USED FOR VACCINATION (NOT REPORTABLE)

ASYMPTOMATIC ENTERIC (NOT REPORTABLE)