Toxicity Part 1

Question 1

What is morbidity?

Answer 1

Illness

Question 2

What is mortality?

Answer 2

Death

Question 3

What are the 3 routes of transmission?

Answer 3

Inhalation, ingestion, dermal

Question 4

What is a vector?

Answer 4

An organism that carries disease causing micro organisms in larval state

Question 5

What are 2 vectors?

Answer 5

Mosquitos and ticks

Question 6

What’s an emergent disease?

Answer 6

A disease that’s previously unknown or absent for 20+ years

Question 7

What’s one example of an emergent disease and what vector carries it?

Answer 7

Mad cow disease carried by prions

Question 8

What’s a resurgent disease?

Answer 8

A disease we had under control that came back

Question 9

What are 3 examples of resurgent diseases?

Answer 9

Staph infections, TB, strep

Question 10

What are 5 causes of the increase of emergent diseases?

Answer 10

Population density, international traveling, climate change, development of antibiotic/drug resistance, populations pushing into remote areas

Question 11

What are two reasons for antibiotic resistance?

Answer 11

Random bacterial mutations and inconsistent exposure to meds

Question 12

What is the pesticide treadmill?

Answer 12

Increased concentration of pesticides needed leads to creating super tolerant pests

Question 13

What are 3 disadvantages of feedlots?

Answer 13

Monoculture, high density populations, cows develop ulcers from eating corn

Question 14

What are 4 causes of colony collapse disorder?

Answer 14

Monoculture, parasites/diseases, flowerless landscapes, neonicotinoid (insecticide)

Question 15

What are the 3 types of chemical interactions?

Answer 15

Antagonistic, additive, synergistic

Question 16

What happens in an antagonistic chemical reaction? What are 2 examples?

Answer 16

One chemical interferes with another

Grapefruit, charcoal

Question 17

What happens in an additive chemical reaction? What is an example?

Answer 17

2 chemicals don’t affect each other

Rats with lead and arsenic poisoning had normal side effects of each

Question 18

What happens in a synergistic chemical reaction? What is an example?

Answer 18

One chemical amplifies the effect of another

Chances of getting lung cancer is multiplied by 400 if you smoke and are exposed to asbestos, whereas just smoking is 25x and just asbestos is 20x

Question 19

What does LD50 stand for? What does it mean?

Answer 19

Lethal dose 50, the dose at which 50% of the test population dies within 24 hours

Question 20

What is LD50 measured in?

Answer 20

mg of dose per kg of body weight (also ppm)

Question 21

Which is more toxic: a low LD50 or a high LD50?

Answer 21

A low LD50

Question 22

Where does dioxin accumulate?

Answer 22

Fatty tissue

Question 23

What does MSDS stand for?

Answer 23

Material safety data sheet

Question 24

What does it mean when something is a GMO?

Answer 24

DNA is taken from one organism and inserted into another

Question 25

What is one example of a successful GMO?

Answer 25

Golden rice: provides vitamin A to prevent blindness

Question 26

What is one unsuccessful GMO?

Answer 26

BT corn: killed monarchs

Question 27

What is one potential problem of GMOs?

Answer 27

Inserted proteins could trigger allergic reactions

Question 28

What is bioaccumulation?

Answer 28

Cells selectively absorb and store molecules on an individual level

Question 29

What is biomagnification? What is one example?

Answer 29

Toxins move up the food chain and are magnified in concentration

DDT