Toxicity Part 1 Flashcards
What is morbidity?
Illness
What is mortality?
Death
What are the 3 routes of transmission?
Inhalation, ingestion, dermal
What is a vector?
An organism that carries disease causing micro organisms in larval state
What are 2 vectors?
Mosquitos and ticks
What’s an emergent disease?
A disease that’s previously unknown or absent for 20+ years
What’s one example of an emergent disease and what vector carries it?
Mad cow disease carried by prions
What’s a resurgent disease?
A disease we had under control that came back
What are 3 examples of resurgent diseases?
Staph infections, TB, strep
What are 5 causes of the increase of emergent diseases?
Population density, international traveling, climate change, development of antibiotic/drug resistance, populations pushing into remote areas
What are two reasons for antibiotic resistance?
Random bacterial mutations and inconsistent exposure to meds
What is the pesticide treadmill?
Increased concentration of pesticides needed leads to creating super tolerant pests
What are 3 disadvantages of feedlots?
Monoculture, high density populations, cows develop ulcers from eating corn
What are 4 causes of colony collapse disorder?
Monoculture, parasites/diseases, flowerless landscapes, neonicotinoid (insecticide)
What are the 3 types of chemical interactions?
Antagonistic, additive, synergistic
What happens in an antagonistic chemical reaction? What are 2 examples?
One chemical interferes with another
Grapefruit, charcoal
What happens in an additive chemical reaction? What is an example?
2 chemicals don’t affect each other
Rats with lead and arsenic poisoning had normal side effects of each
What happens in a synergistic chemical reaction? What is an example?
One chemical amplifies the effect of another
Chances of getting lung cancer is multiplied by 400 if you smoke and are exposed to asbestos, whereas just smoking is 25x and just asbestos is 20x
What does LD50 stand for? What does it mean?
Lethal dose 50, the dose at which 50% of the test population dies within 24 hours
What is LD50 measured in?
mg of dose per kg of body weight (also ppm)
Which is more toxic: a low LD50 or a high LD50?
A low LD50
Where does dioxin accumulate?
Fatty tissue
What does MSDS stand for?
Material safety data sheet
What does it mean when something is a GMO?
DNA is taken from one organism and inserted into another
What is one example of a successful GMO?
Golden rice: provides vitamin A to prevent blindness
What is one unsuccessful GMO?
BT corn: killed monarchs
What is one potential problem of GMOs?
Inserted proteins could trigger allergic reactions
What is bioaccumulation?
Cells selectively absorb and store molecules on an individual level
What is biomagnification? What is one example?
Toxins move up the food chain and are magnified in concentration
DDT
