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APES > Energy Part 2 > Flashcards

Energy Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of coal has the lowest level of sulfur?

A

Anthracite

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2
Q

Where is the largest coal deposit?

A

The US

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3
Q

What are 5 pollutants from coal burning?

A

CO2, lead, PM, mercury, uranium

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4
Q

Natural gas is mostly:

A

CH4

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5
Q

What is natural gas mostly used for?

A

Electricity, heating, cooking

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6
Q

Where is natural gas formed?

A

Above oil deposits

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7
Q

Where is the largest deposit of natural gas?

A

Russia

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8
Q

What is an advantage of natural gas?

A

It’s cleaner than oil and coal

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9
Q

What is a disadvantage of natural gas?

A

It’s not completely clean

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10
Q

How does fracking work?

A

A mixture of water, sand, and chemicals is pumped down wells to open up fissures in shale to draw out gas

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11
Q

What is an advantage of fracking?

A

It reaches tight pockets and deep places

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12
Q

What are 4 disadvantages of fracking?

A

Wastewater leakage, VOC off-gassing, CH4 contamination of groundwater, can trigger earthquakes

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13
Q

What is energy efficiency or net yield?

A

The total amount of energy produces minus the energy required to produce it

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14
Q

What is the net yield of coal?

A

20:1

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15
Q

What is the net yield of gas?

A

7:1

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16
Q

What is the net yield of wind?

A

2:1

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17
Q

What 3 things use the most energy?

A

Heating, cooling, refrigeration

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18
Q

What percentage of the world’s energy does the US consume?

A

25%

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19
Q

What does LEED measure?

A

Efficiency and sustainability of building design (how green a building is)

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20
Q

What are the top 4 consumers of energy?

A

1) industry
2) transportation
3) residential
4) commercial

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21
Q

What type of uranium is used in nuclear power?

A

U235

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22
Q

What’s special about isotopes?

A

They have a weird number of neutrons

23
Q

What are the pros of nuclear power?

A

It’s efficient, there are no greenhouse gases

24
Q

What are the cons of nuclear power?

A

Waste was dumped in ocean, thermal pollution, safety, waste is highly toxic

25
Q

What happens when U238 decays?

A

It becomes radon

26
Q

Where and when did Exxon Valdez happen?

A

Prince William sound, Alaska, in march 1989

27
Q

How much oil was spilled in Exxon Valdez?

A

11 million gallons

28
Q

Why was cleaning up Exxon Valdez hard?

A

The weather was bad and location was remote

29
Q

Why did animals die after the Exxon Valdez spill?

A

Oil stuck the down to their bodies and they froze bc there was no insulation to keep them warm

30
Q

When and where did 3-mile island happen?

A

1979 Pennsylvania

31
Q

What happened at 3-mile island?

A

The nuclear reactor lost coolant pressure and steam built up

32
Q

What happened as a result of 3-mile island?

A

Public support lowered and NRC strengthened monitoring and safety features

33
Q

When and where did Chernobyl happen?

A

1986 Ukraine

34
Q

What happened in Chernobyl?

A

There was a massive chain reactor meltdown and radioactivity was found throughout Europe

35
Q

What happened as a result of Chernobyl?

A

Thyroid cancer increased in Ukraine and the abandoned area became a wildlife refuge

36
Q

When and where did Fukushima happen?

A

2011 Japan

37
Q

What happened in Fukushima?

A

Earthquake led to tsunami which hit power plant and disabled power supply and cooling features

38
Q

What was released during Fukushima?

A

Iodine-131 and cesium

39
Q

Why does wind happen?

A

Temp change leads to air density change leads to wind

40
Q

What is the most rapidly growing energy sector?

A

Wind

41
Q

How does biomass energy work?

A

Organic material is burned for energy

42
Q

What is an advantage of biomass fuel?

A

No carbon is added to the atmosphere

43
Q

What are 6 disadvantages of biomass fuel?

A

Releases pm, CO, lowers soil fertility, deforestation, soil erosion, habitat loss

44
Q

What is used to store energy in power tools?

A

Nickel-cadmium

45
Q

What is a disadvantage of using nickel-cadmium as storage?

A

Cadmium is toxic

46
Q

What is used to store energy in laptops?

A

Nickel metal hydride

47
Q

What is an advantage of using nickel metal hydride as storage?

A

No toxic metals

48
Q

What is a disadvantage of using nickel metal hydride as storage?

A

It doesn’t last that long

49
Q

What is used to store energy in cell phones?

A

Lithium ion

50
Q

What is an advantage of lithium ion?

A

No toxic metals

51
Q

What is a disadvantage of lithium ion?

A

It’s fragile

52
Q

What is used to store energy in cars?

A

Lead acid

53
Q

What are 2 disadvantages of using lead acid as storage?

A

It’s heavy, has toxic lead

APES (13 decks)

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