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Energy Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of coal has the lowest level of sulfur?

A

Anthracite

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2
Q

Where is the largest coal deposit?

A

The US

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3
Q

What are 5 pollutants from coal burning?

A

CO2, lead, PM, mercury, uranium

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4
Q

Natural gas is mostly:

A

CH4

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5
Q

What is natural gas mostly used for?

A

Electricity, heating, cooking

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6
Q

Where is natural gas formed?

A

Above oil deposits

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7
Q

Where is the largest deposit of natural gas?

A

Russia

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8
Q

What is an advantage of natural gas?

A

It’s cleaner than oil and coal

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9
Q

What is a disadvantage of natural gas?

A

It’s not completely clean

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10
Q

How does fracking work?

A

A mixture of water, sand, and chemicals is pumped down wells to open up fissures in shale to draw out gas

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11
Q

What is an advantage of fracking?

A

It reaches tight pockets and deep places

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12
Q

What are 4 disadvantages of fracking?

A

Wastewater leakage, VOC off-gassing, CH4 contamination of groundwater, can trigger earthquakes

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13
Q

What is energy efficiency or net yield?

A

The total amount of energy produces minus the energy required to produce it

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14
Q

What is the net yield of coal?

A

20:1

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15
Q

What is the net yield of gas?

A

7:1

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16
Q

What is the net yield of wind?

A

2:1

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17
Q

What 3 things use the most energy?

A

Heating, cooling, refrigeration

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18
Q

What percentage of the world’s energy does the US consume?

A

25%

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19
Q

What does LEED measure?

A

Efficiency and sustainability of building design (how green a building is)

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20
Q

What are the top 4 consumers of energy?

A

1) industry
2) transportation
3) residential
4) commercial

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21
Q

What type of uranium is used in nuclear power?

A

U235

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22
Q

What’s special about isotopes?

A

They have a weird number of neutrons

23
Q

What are the pros of nuclear power?

A

It’s efficient, there are no greenhouse gases

24
Q

What are the cons of nuclear power?

A

Waste was dumped in ocean, thermal pollution, safety, waste is highly toxic

25
What happens when U238 decays?
It becomes radon
26
Where and when did Exxon Valdez happen?
Prince William sound, Alaska, in march 1989
27
How much oil was spilled in Exxon Valdez?
11 million gallons
28
Why was cleaning up Exxon Valdez hard?
The weather was bad and location was remote
29
Why did animals die after the Exxon Valdez spill?
Oil stuck the down to their bodies and they froze bc there was no insulation to keep them warm
30
When and where did 3-mile island happen?
1979 Pennsylvania
31
What happened at 3-mile island?
The nuclear reactor lost coolant pressure and steam built up
32
What happened as a result of 3-mile island?
Public support lowered and NRC strengthened monitoring and safety features
33
When and where did Chernobyl happen?
1986 Ukraine
34
What happened in Chernobyl?
There was a massive chain reactor meltdown and radioactivity was found throughout Europe
35
What happened as a result of Chernobyl?
Thyroid cancer increased in Ukraine and the abandoned area became a wildlife refuge
36
When and where did Fukushima happen?
2011 Japan
37
What happened in Fukushima?
Earthquake led to tsunami which hit power plant and disabled power supply and cooling features
38
What was released during Fukushima?
Iodine-131 and cesium
39
Why does wind happen?
Temp change leads to air density change leads to wind
40
What is the most rapidly growing energy sector?
Wind
41
How does biomass energy work?
Organic material is burned for energy
42
What is an advantage of biomass fuel?
No carbon is added to the atmosphere
43
What are 6 disadvantages of biomass fuel?
Releases pm, CO, lowers soil fertility, deforestation, soil erosion, habitat loss
44
What is used to store energy in power tools?
Nickel-cadmium
45
What is a disadvantage of using nickel-cadmium as storage?
Cadmium is toxic
46
What is used to store energy in laptops?
Nickel metal hydride
47
What is an advantage of using nickel metal hydride as storage?
No toxic metals
48
What is a disadvantage of using nickel metal hydride as storage?
It doesn't last that long
49
What is used to store energy in cell phones?
Lithium ion
50
What is an advantage of lithium ion?
No toxic metals
51
What is a disadvantage of lithium ion?
It's fragile
52
What is used to store energy in cars?
Lead acid
53
What are 2 disadvantages of using lead acid as storage?
It's heavy, has toxic lead

APES (13 decks)

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