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Basic Pharmacology FA 2020 > TOXICITIES AND SIDE EFFECTS > Flashcards

TOXICITIES AND SIDE EFFECTS Flashcards

1
Q

These drugs cause Coronary vasospasm

A

Cocaine, Amphetamines, Sumatriptan, Ergot alkaloids (CASE)

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2
Q

causes Cutaneous flushing

A

Vancomycin, Adenosine, Niacin, Ca2+ channel blockers, Echinocandins, Nitrates (flushed from VANCEN)

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3
Q

rate-dependent infusion reaction to vancomycin causing widespread pruritic erythema due to histamine release. Manage with diphenhydramine, slower infusion rate.

A

Red man syndrome

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4
Q

causes Dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Anthracyclines (eg, Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin); prevent with Dexrazoxane

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5
Q

Cause Torsades de pointes

A 
Agents that prolong QT interval: 
antiArrhythmics (class IA, III), antiBiotics (eg, macrolides),
anti“C”ychotics (eg, ziprasidone), 
antiDepressants (eg, TCAs), 
antiEmetics (eg, ondansetron)
(ABCDE)
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6
Q

Cause Adrenocortical

insufficiency

A

HPA suppression 2° to glucocorticoid withdrawal

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7
Q

Causes Diabetes insipidus

A

Lithium, demeclocycline

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8
Q

Causes Hot flashes

A

SERMs (eg, tamoxifen, clomiphene, raloxifene)

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9
Q

Causes Hyperglycemia

A

Tacrolimus, Protease inhibitors, Niacin, HCTZ,

Corticosteroids

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10
Q

cause Hyperprolactinemia

A 
Typical antipsychotics (eg, haloperidol),
atypical antipsychotics (eg, risperidone),
metoclopramide, methyldopa, reserpine

Presents with hypogonadism (eg, infertility, amenorrhea, erectile dysfunction) and
galactorrhea

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11
Q

cause Hyperthyroidism

A

Amiodarone, iodine

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12
Q

cause Hypothyroidism

A

AMiodarone, SUlfonamides, Lithium

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13
Q

cause SIADH

A

Carbamazepine, Cyclophosphamide, SSRIs

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14
Q

Causes Acute cholestatic

hepatitis, jaundice

A

Macrolides (eg, erythromycin)

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15
Q

Cause Diarrhea

A

Acamprosate,
antidiabetic agents (acarbose, metformin, pramlintide),
colchicine,
cholinesterase inhibitors,
lipid-lowering agents (eg, ezetimibe, orlistat),
macrolides (eg, erythromycin), SSRIs,
chemotherapy (eg, irinotecan)

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16
Q

cause Focal to massive hepatic necrosis

A

Halothane, Amanita phalloides (death cap mushroom), Valproic acid, Acetaminophen

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17
Q

causes Hepatitis

A

Rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, statins,

fibrates

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18
Q

cause Pancreatitis

A

Didanosine, Corticosteroids, Alcohol, Valproic acid, Azathioprine, Diuretics (eg, furosemide, HCTZ)

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19
Q

cause Pill-induced esophagitis

A

Bisphosphonates, ferrous sulfate, NSAIDs, potassium chloride, tetracyclines

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20
Q

Pseudomembranous colitis

A

Ampicillin, cephalosporins, clindamycin, fluoroquinolones, PPIs

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21
Q

drugs that cause Agranulocytosis

A

Dapsone, Clozapine, Carbamazepine,
Propylthiouracil, Methimazole, Colchicine,
Ganciclovir

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22
Q

cause Aplastic anemia

A

Carbamazepine, Methimazole, NSAIDs, Benzene, Chloramphenicol, Propylthiouracil

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23
Q

Direct Coombs ⊕ hemolytic anemia

A

Penicillin, methylDopa, Cephalosporins

24
Q

drugs that cause Drug reaction with eosinophilia and
systemic symptoms
(DRESS)

A

Allopurinol, anticonvulsants, antibiotics, sulfa drugs

25
Q

Causes Gray baby syndrome

A

Chloramphenicol

26
Q

Cause Hemolysis in G6PD

deficiency

A

Isoniazid, Sulfonamides, Dapsone, Primaquine,

Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Nitrofurantoin

27
Q

Cause Megaloblastic anemia

A

Hydroxyurea, Phenytoin, Methotrexate, Sulfa drugs

28
Q

Cause Thrombocytopenia

A

Heparin, vancomycin, linezolid, quinidine,

indinavir, ganciclovir, abciximab

29
Q

cause Thrombotic

complications

A

Combined oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, SERMs (eg, tamoxifen)

30
Q

cause Drug-induced lupus

A 
Methyldopa, 
Minocycline, 
Hydralazine,
Isoniazid, 
Phenytoin, 
Sulfa drugs, 
Etanercept,
Procainamide
31
Q

Cause Fat redistribution

A

Protease inhibitors, Glucocorticoids

32
Q

Drugs that cause Gingival hyperplasia

A

Cyclosporine, Ca2+ channel blockers, Phenytoin

33
Q

drugs that cause Hyperuricemia (gout)

A 
Pyrazinamide, 
Thiazides, 
Furosemide, 
Niacin,
Cyclosporine
34
Q

cause Myopathy

A

Statins, fibrates, niacin, colchicine, daptomycin,

hydroxychloroquine, interferon-α, penicillamine, glucocorticoids

35
Q

drugs that cause Osteoporosis

A

Corticosteroids, depot medroxyprogesterone
acetate, GnRH agonists, aromatase inhibitors,
anticonvulsants, heparin, PPIs

36
Q

cause Photosensitivity

A

Sulfonamides, Amiodarone, Tetracyclines, 5-FU

37
Q 
cause Rash (Stevens-Johnson
syndrome)
A

Anti-epileptic drugs (especially lamotrigine), allopurinol, sulfa drugs, penicillin

38
Q

causes Teeth discoloration

A

Tetracyclines

39
Q

causes Tendon/cartilage

damage

A

Fluoroquinolones

40
Q

causes Cinchonism

A

Quinidine, quinine

Can present with tinnitus, hearing/vision loss, psychosis, and cognitive impairment

41
Q

Parkinson-like

syndrome

A

Antipsychotics, Reserpine, Metoclopramide

42
Q

Peripheral neuropathy

A

Isoniazid, phenytoin, platinum agents (eg, cisplatin), vincristine

43
Q

Idiopathic intracranial

hypertension

A

Growth hormones, tetracyclines, vitamin A

44
Q

cause Seizures

A

Isoniazid, Bupropion, Imipenem/cilastatin,

Tramadol, Enflurane

45
Q

drugs that cause Tardive dyskinesia

A

Antipsychotics, metoclopramide

46
Q

drugs that cause Visual disturbance

A 
Topiramate (blurred vision/diplopia, haloes),
Digoxin (yellow-tinged vision), 
Isoniazid (optic neuritis), 
Vigabatrin (bilateral visual field
defects), 
PDE-5 inhibitors (blue-tinged vision),
Ethambutol (color vision changes)
47
Q

cause Fanconi syndrome

A

Cisplatin, ifosfamide, expired tetracyclines, tenofovir

48
Q

cause Hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide

Prevent by coadministering with mesna

49
Q

Interstitial nephritis

A 
Remember the 5 P’s
Diuretics (Pee), 
NSAIDs (Pain-free), 
Penicillins and cephalosporins, PPIs, 
rifamPin, 
and sulfa drugs
50
Q

causes Dry cough

A

ACE inhibitors

51
Q

drugs that cause Pulmonary fibrosis

A 
Methotrexate, 
Nitrofurantoin, 
Carmustine,
Bleomycin, 
Busulfan, 
Amiodarone
52
Q

cause Antimuscarinic effects

A

Atropine, TCAs, H1-blockers, antipsychotics

53
Q

Disulfiram-like reaction

A 
1st-generation Sulfonylureas, 
Procarbazine,
certain Cephalosporins, 
Griseofulvin,
Metronidazole
54
Q

cause Nephrotoxicity/

ototoxicity

A

Loop diuretics, Aminoglycosides, cisPlatin,

Vancomycin, amphoTERicin B

55
Q

Drugs that increase pupil size (dilation)

A

Anticholinergics (eg, atropine, TCAs,tropicamide, scopolamine, antihistamines)
Drugs of abuse (eg, amphetamines, cocaine, LSD), meperidine
Sympathomimetics

56
Q

Drugs that decrease pupil size (constrict)

A

Sympatholytics (eg, α2-agonists)
Drugs of abuse (eg, heroin/opioids)
Parasympathomimetics (eg, pilocarpine),
organophosphates

Basic Pharmacology FA 2020 (5 decks)

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