Toxic exposures, explosive agents, NIMS, special resource, tactical, wilderness Flashcards
When to wear level B PPE
When full respiratory protection required but damage to skin is less
Level A vs B PPE
Level A has double layers of chemical resistant gloves
More vapor protection than level A
Immediate Danger to Life and health definition
Exposure to airborne contaminants that are “likely to cause death or immediate or delayed permanent adverse health effects or prevent escape from such an environment”
3 elements of exposure to radiation
Irradiation: radiation enters and passes through body as a field
Contamination: radioactive material collect on the outside of the body
Internal exposure: radioactive materials enter the body
3 defenses against radiation
Time
Distance
Shielding
Minimum mask for radiation exposure
N95
Platelet effects after radiation exposure
Max decrease at 30 days, then gradually rises
Lymphocytes in radiation
Decrease by 2 days in prodromal phase then gradual increase
Neutrophils in radiation
Initially spike and increased, then gradual drop through latent and none marrow depression phase, then steady climb in recovery phase
Hemoglobin effect on radiation
No real difference
Two components of IED
Explosive
Means of initiation
Examples of quaternary blast injury
Burns
Crush injuries
Exacerbation of chronic conditions
When is the NRF activated
When there is limited local capacity/expertise after any system collapse
Primary coordinating agency for NRF
FEMA (usually)
What does NIMS outline
Outlines common terminology, concepts, and management approaches regarding response operations
IS 700 course
Introduction to NIMS
IS 800 course
NRF
NRF follows what
Principles of NIMS
5 parts of NRF
Core document
Three sets of annexes
Partner guides
3 priorities of IC
- Life safety
- Incident stabilization
- Property conservation
First step in disaster getting bigger managed by
Local EOC
What does an EMAC do
Serves to match requests for the provision of a large number of emergency response officers
Temporary recognition of licenses
Activated by state governor
3 factors in Stafford act
Individual assistance
Public assistance
Hazard mitigation assistance
What is the Posse Comitatus act
Federal military can’t as as local police
Except: Marshall law, civil defense
What is the restoration act
President can use federal forces to restore law and order in case of major disaster
3 components of NDMS
- Volunteer DMATs for onsite medical care
- Global patient medial requirement center (GPMRC) coordinates transportation out of the area for victims
- Definitive care by volunteer hospitals across US
What is the WMD CST
Weapons of mass destruction civilian support teams
Full time national guard personnel
What are the MRC
Volunteers from all aspects of communities
Supplies medical workers to assist in facilities where the local medical community is unable to meet demand
Who allows changes in standards of care during disaster
May only be altered by executive governmental official
IOM 2009: formally declared by state governor for limited time period
5 Key elements for altered standards of care
- Ethics: fair allocation, transparency, consistency
- Community and provider engagement/education
- Legal authority/environment
- Indicators/triggers
- Clinical process and operations
Macro vs microallication of resources
Macro: broad policies to distribute resources across a population (trauma centers, ICU beds)
Micro: needs of an individual patient prioritized above or below those of another
4 characteristics to meet confined space medicine
- Hazardous atmosphere
- Material that can engulf entrant
- Walls of floors that taper into smaller areas and can asphyxiate
- Other safety hazards such as unguarded machinery
How to protect patient from dust impaction in CSM
Provide victim with appropriate safety equipment - helmet and face mask
Clear debris to prevent problems with chest wall expansion
TCCC care under fire
- Prevent further injury
- Hasty tourniquet OVER clothing
- Retreat to safety
- If CBRN - consider antidotes if death imminent without
Where is tactical evacuation care given
Cold Zone
Combat gauze has what material
Kaolin
Wilderness medicine vs EMS
WEMS: team specifically trained for a particular type of emergency medical response to particular set of environmental challenges
Wilderness med: general care of patients in an austere setting
BLS wilderness levels
Wilderness first AID
Wilderness first responder
Outdoor Emergency Care Technician (Ski patrol and winter sports)
Wilderness EMT
Wilderness ALS
Wilderness AEMT
Wilderness Physician
No formal wilderness paramedic
